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On Bipolar Cells: Following in the Footsteps of Phototransduction
2002The electrical signals resulting from phototransduction are decomposed by bipolar cells and then encoded into spike trains by ganglion cells. The signal decomposition by bipolar cells includes formation of ON and OFF pathways and separation of tonic and phasic signals.
Malcolm M, Slaughter +1 more
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Bipolar differential cell with improved bandwidth performance
9th International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, 2003In this paper we present a novel technique to implement a differential cell with extended bandwidth. The solution exploits an auxiliary differential amplifier used in unity closed-loop gain, which regenerates the input signal, thereby allowing the reduction of the input capacitance of the main differential cell. Compared to a conventional topology with
BALSI, Marco +3 more
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Materials and Cell Designs for Bipolar Fuel Cells
ECS Transactions, 2015The PEM-AEM interface is a critical component in bipolar membrane fuel cell operation. In this study, interfacial materials with varying conductivities were used in order to control the location of the junction within the MEA. Use of a conductive interface consisting of a single ion conductive material resulted in devices with lower interfacial ...
John M. Ahlfield +5 more
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Neuroscience Letters, 2001
Bipolar cells (BCs) have antagonistic center-surround receptive field. Surround illumination evokes depolarization in the OFF-type cone BC, and hyperpolarization in the rod BC and the ON-type cone BC. Surround illumination reduces gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release from horizontal cells.
H, Satoh, M, Kaneda, A, Kaneko
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Bipolar cells (BCs) have antagonistic center-surround receptive field. Surround illumination evokes depolarization in the OFF-type cone BC, and hyperpolarization in the rod BC and the ON-type cone BC. Surround illumination reduces gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release from horizontal cells.
H, Satoh, M, Kaneda, A, Kaneko
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Simulated bipolar cells in fovea of human retina
Biological Cybernetics, 1991The static model developed in Part I is used to study spectral responses of C-type bipolar cells (BC). Once unique loci are adjusted to their proper wavelengths, and with a specified set of absorption spectra for cones, spectral responses of C-type BCs are dependent on only the balance between BC receptive field center and surround responses.
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IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 1971
A bipolar dynamic memory cell for use in a high-speed random- access memory consists of a cross-coupled pair of transistors and two diodes. Information is dynamically stored using a bistable charge distribution and must be refreshed at a frequency of 1 kHz by a SELECT operation. Standby power per memory cell is in the nanowatt range.
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A bipolar dynamic memory cell for use in a high-speed random- access memory consists of a cross-coupled pair of transistors and two diodes. Information is dynamically stored using a bistable charge distribution and must be refreshed at a frequency of 1 kHz by a SELECT operation. Standby power per memory cell is in the nanowatt range.
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Morphology of Interneurons: Bipolar Cells
Bipolar cells are the most numerous interneurons in mammalian retinas. There are at least 11 types of ON and OFF cone bipolar cells and one type of rod bipolar cell. The cone bipolar cells differ in their dendritic branching pattern and the shape and stratification of their axon terminals in the inner plexiform layer. OFF bipolar cells terminate in theHaverkamp, S. ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3084-6544 +1 more
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Photoreceptor-bipolar cell transmission
1995Bipolar cells make direct synaptic contact with photoreceptors and form a ‘through’ pathway for information transmission in the retina before this is relayed to the higher visual centers of the brain. A high degree of processing of the visual signal occurs in the outer retina.
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