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Immunogenicity of botulinum toxin [PDF]
Archives of Plastic Surgery, 2022 Botulinum toxin treatment is the most common non-surgical cosmetic treatment. Although there are many available treatments using botulinum toxin, their effects are temporary and repeated injections are required. These frequent injections can trigger an immunological response. In addition, botulinum toxin acts as an antigen in the body; thus, its effect
Syeo Young Wee, Eun Soo Park
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Immunogenicity of botulinum toxins [PDF]
Journal of Neural Transmission, 2012 Botulinum neurotoxins are formulated biologic pharmaceuticals used therapeutically to treat a wide variety of chronic conditions, with varying governmental approvals by country. Some of these disorders include cervical dystonia, post-stroke spasticity, blepharospasm, migraine, and hyperhidrosis.
Naumann, Markus +3 more
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Current status and future directions of botulinum neurotoxins for targeting pain processing. [PDF]
, 2015 Current evidence suggests that botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) A1 and B1, given locally into peripheral tissues such as skin, muscles, and joints, alter nociceptive processing otherwise initiated by inflammation or nerve injury in animal models and humans.
Pellett, Sabine +2 more
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Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021 Background and objective: The gold standard for the treatment of chronic anal fissure is lateral internal sphincterotomy. Botulinum toxin injection provides temporary alleviation of sphincter spasm and allows the fissure to heal.
Abdulqadir M. Zngana, Bawan Hiwa
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Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 2023 Botulinum toxin type A (Botox®) is thought to have antipruritic effects through inhibition of pruritic factors, including acetylcholine, substance P, and glutamate. The aim of this randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to test the effect
Leigh A. Nattkemper +7 more
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Headache and botulinum toxin [PDF]
The Journal of Headache and Pain, 2005 The authors discuss clinical and international experience about botulinum toxins (BTX types A and B) in headache treatment. Data from literature suggest good results for the treatment of tension-type headache, migraine and chronic tension-type headache. In the present paper mechanisms of action and injection sites will also be discussed.
Massimo Camerlingo, Mauro Porta
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The Effects of Botulinum Toxin (BTXA) Dermal Injections on Facial Wrinkle Lines. [PDF]
Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2013 Facial rejuvenation using Botulinum toxin A is one of the most popular aesthetic procedures. Many cosmetic applications of Botulinum toxin A are under evaluation.
Sung Chul Park +3 more
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eNeurologicalSci, 2021 To date, efficacy data on botulinum toxin type B (rimabotulinumtoxinB) in patients with cervical dystonia (CD) previously treated with botulinum toxin type A in a large population are lacking; thus, we aimed to evaluate type B efficacy in this patient ...
Ryuji Kaji +3 more
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Indian Journal of Dermatology, 2010 Botulinum toxin, one of the most poisonous biological substances known, is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. C. botulinum elaborates eight antigenically distinguishable exotoxins (A, B, C(1), C(2), D, E, F and G). All serotypes interfere with neural transmission by blocking the release of acetylcholine, the principal ...
Nigam P, Nigam Anjana
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Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements, 2012 Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements, Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic ...
Brodsky, Matthew A. +2 more
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