The Role of CTLA-4 in T Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Viruses, 2023 Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) gradually develop T cell exhaustion, and the inhibitory receptor molecule, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), may play a role in this phenomenon.
Ása Didriksen Apol +4 more
doaj +1 more source
Immune checkpoints in circulating and tumor-Infiltrating CD4 + T Cell Subsets in Colorectal cancer patients [PDF]
, 2019 Blockade of inhibitory immune checkpoints (ICs) is a promising therapeutic approach; however, it has shown limited success in some cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). The tumor microenvironment (TME) is largely responsible for response to therapy,
Abu Nada, M +5 more
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CTLA4 Message Reflects Pathway Disruption in Monogenic Disorders and Under Therapeutic Blockade
Frontiers in Immunology, 2019 CTLA-4 is essential for immune tolerance. Heterozygous CTLA4 mutations cause immune dysregulation evident in defective regulatory T cells with low levels of CTLA-4 expression.
Josselyn E. Garcia-Perez +10 more
doaj +1 more source
Dental Journal, 2022 Background: One of the benign salivary gland tumors is Warthin’s tumor, which is a benign tumor consisting of a papillary cystic structure covered by a double epithelial layer cells and lymphoid stroma with germinal center.
Alvionika Nadyah Qotrunnada +4 more
doaj +1 more source
Developing and characterizing a single-domain antibody (nanobody) against human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (hCTLA-4) [PDF]
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 2021 Objective(s): Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) is the most important human immune checkpoint that modulates T cells activity and brings about immune-homeostasis.
Nazli Sotoudeh +4 more
doaj +1 more source
Tolerance without clonal expansion: Self-antigen-expressing B cells program self-reactive T cells for future deletion [PDF]
, 2008 B cells have been shown in various animal models to induce immunological tolerance leading to reduced immune responses and protection from autoimmunity.
Anderton, Stephen M. +9 more
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Cell & Bioscience, 2018 Antibodies to human CTLA-4 have been shown to induce long-lasting protection against melanoma. It is assumed that these antibodies cause tumor rejection by blocking negative signaling from the B7-CTLA-4 interactions to enhance priming of naïve T cells in
Fei Tang +4 more
doaj +1 more source
Regulatory mechanisms of immune checkpoints PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in cancer
Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, 2021 The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4)/B7 and programmed death 1 (PD-1)/ programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are two most representative immune checkpoint pathways, which negatively regulate T cell immune function during different ...
Hao Zhang +8 more
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Progress in Research on Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and Bladder Cancer
Annals of Urologic Oncology, 2019 Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) was first discovered in 1987 and confirmed to be a protein that is mainly expressed on the surface of activated lymphocytes.
Wei-Ming Fang, Chun Chen
doaj +1 more source
CTLA-4 trafficking and surface expression [PDF]
Trends in Immunology, 2008 The T-cell co-receptor cytotoxic T-cell antigen 4 (CTLA-4) has a strong inhibitory role as shown by the lymphoproliferative phenotype of CTLA-4-deficient mice. Despite its potent effects on T-cell function, CTLA-4 is primarily an intracellular antigen whose surface expression is tightly regulated by restricted trafficking to the cell surface and rapid ...
Elke, Valk +2 more
openaire +2 more sources