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The effect of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance on pre-therapy viral load

AIDS, 2010
Reduced replication capacity of viruses expressing drug resistant mutations implies that patients with transmitted drug resistance (TDR) could have lower HIV RNA viral load than those infected with wild-type virus.We performed analysis using data from the UK HIV Drug Resistance Database and the UK CHIC study.
Harrison, Linda, Castro, Hannah, Cane, Patricia, Pillay, Deenan, Booth, Clare, Phillips, Andrew, Geretti, Anna Maria, Dunn, David, Post, Frank   +8 more
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Drugs Resistance Against Viral Diseases

2021
Viruses can cause different types of infections including respiratory, skin, foodborne and sexually transmitted ones. Worldwide trades of food and food by products and international travelling have resulted in the transmission of various viruses from developing countries to the America and European region.
Atif Liaqat, Muhammad Farhan Jahangir Chughtai, Adnan Khaliq, Tariq Mehmood, Samreen Ahsan, Kanza Saeed, Syed Junaid Ur Rahman, Nimra Sameed, Shoaib Aziz, Rabia Iqba, Waqas Ahmad, Saeed Ur Rahman   +11 more
openaire   +1 more source

Contingency and Entrenchment of Drug-Resistance Mutations in HIV Viral Proteins

The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2022
The ability of HIV-1 to rapidly mutate leads to antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure among infected patients. Drug-resistance mutations (DRMs), which cause a fitness penalty to intrinsic viral fitness, are compensated by accessory mutations with favorable epistatic interactions which cause an evolutionary trapping effect, but the kinetics of this ...
Indrani Choudhuri, Avik Biswas, Allan Haldane, Ronald M. Levy   +3 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Microbial and viral drug resistance mechanisms

Trends in Microbiology, 2002
Microorganisms and viruses have developed numerous resistance mechanisms that enable them to evade the effect of antimicrobials and antivirals. As a result, many have become resistant to almost every available means of treatment. This problem, although not new, is becoming increasingly acute and it is now clear that a fundamental understanding of the ...
Kenneth S, McKeegan, M Ines, Borges-Walmsley, Adrian R, Walmsley   +2 more
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Viral Drug Resistance and Fitness

2008
Publisher Summary This chapter presents recent findings related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 drug resistance and fitness. Antiretroviral therapy is a form of extrinsic pressure applied against the HIV‐1 that reduces replication but also selects for variants with reduced sensitivity to this pressure.
Miguel E, Quiñones-Mateu, Dawn M, Moore-Dudley, Oyebisi, Jegede, Jan, Weber, Eric, J Arts   +4 more
openaire   +2 more sources

The intersection between viral oncolysis, drug resistance, and autophagy

Biological Chemistry, 2015
Abstract Resistance to both cytotoxic and targeted therapies is a major problem facing cancer treatment. The mechanisms of resistance to unrelated drugs share many common features, including up-regulation of detoxifying pathways, activation of pro-survival mechanisms, and ineffective induction of cell death.
Beljanski, Vladimir, Chiang, Cindy, Hiscott, John   +2 more
openaire   +3 more sources

HIV drug resistance and viral fitness

2000
Publisher Summary The first documented cases of HIV drug resistance concerned AZT (zidovudine), a nucleoside analog that inhibits HIV replication by virtue of its activity, as a DNA chain terminator. Several mutations in the viral reverse transcriptase (RT), the enzyme that transcribes virion RNA into DNA in the newly infected cell, were identified ...
F, Clavel, E, Race, F, Mammano
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Viral quasispecies and the problem of vaccine-escape and drug-resistant mutants

1997
Since a first version of this article on the relevance of quasispecies to viral disease control was published by one of us [1], an explosion of information on viral quasispecies has been gathered by several groups. For many viruses, extreme complexity at the population level has been documented by direct copying into cDNA of viral RNA extracted from ...
E, Domingo, L, Menéndez-Arias, M E, Quiñones-Mateu, A, Holguín, M, Gutiérrez-Rivas, M A, Martínez, J, Quer, I S, Novella, J J, Holland   +8 more
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The impact of the M184V substitution on drug resistance and viral fitness

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2004
Treatment of HIV/AIDS with antiretroviral therapy can result in HIV-1 drug resistance, limiting its use. Resistance mutations arise prior to therapy due to errors in HIV-1 replication, and are also spread by sexual and other modes of transmission. However, it is also generally believed that resistance is due to multiple drug mutations to any single or ...
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Effects of drug resistance on viral load in patients failing antiretroviral therapy

Journal of Medical Virology, 2006
Previous studies on patients who develop drug resistant HIV-1 variants have shown that continued use of failing regimens might provide clinical benefit. However, the effect of long-term exposure to drug resistant variants may lead to emergence of compensatory mutations that may jeopardize this effect.
Machouf, N., Thomas, R., Nguyen, V., Trottier, B., Boulassel, M., Wainberg, M., Routy, J.   +6 more
openaire   +3 more sources