General anesthetics cause mitochondrial dysfunction and reduction of intracellular ATP levels. [PDF]
PLoS ONE, 2018 General anesthetics are indispensable for effective clinical care. Although, the mechanism of action of general anesthetics remains controversial, lipid bilayers and proteins have been discussed as their targets.
Jun-Ichi Kishikawa +7 more
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The Effects of General Anesthetics on Synaptic Transmission. [PDF]
Curr Neuropharmacol, 2020 General anesthetics are a class of drugs that target the central nervous system and are widely used for various medical procedures. General anesthetics produce many behavioral changes required for clinical intervention, including amnesia, hypnosis, analgesia, and immobility; while they may also induce side effects like respiration and cardiovascular ...
Hao X +9 more
europepmc +6 more sources
Lasting effects of general anesthetics on the brain in the young and elderly: “mixed picture” of neurotoxicity, neuroprotection and cognitive impairment [PDF]
Journal of Anesthesia, 2019 General anesthetics are commonly used in major surgery. To achieve the depth of anesthesia for surgery, patients are being subjected to a variety of general anesthetics, alone or in combination.
Jan Michiels, Hailin Zhao, Daqing Ma
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Effect of Local and General Anesthetics on Interfacial Water. [PDF]
PLoS ONE, 2016 Water undergoes structural change as it interfaces with hydrophilic surfaces, including the many hydrophilic surfaces within the cell. This interfacial water has become known as "Exclusion Zone (EZ) water" or "fourth-phase water" [1].We tested the ...
Nenad Kundacina +2 more
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Mechanisms of action of general anesthetics
Frontiers in Bioscience - Landmark, 2014 Since William Morton successfully demonstrated the use of inhaled ether for surgical anesthesia in 1846, the development of new anesthetics and safe general anesthesia techniques have contributed greatly to the advancement of surgery and other invasive procedures. However, the underlying neurocellular mechanisms by which the state of general anesthesia
F Ellinghaus
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The Potential Effect of General Anesthetics in Cancer Surgery: Meta-Analysis of Postoperative Metastasis and Inflammatory Cytokines. [PDF]
Cancers (Basel), 2023 Simple Summary This meta-analysis examined the effect of general anesthetics on metastasis and recurrence after cancer surgery from clinical and pre-clinical studies.
Li R +7 more
europepmc +2 more sources
Neural Regeneration Research, 2017 Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a multifactorial process with a huge number of predisposing, causal, and precipitating factors. In this scenario, the neuroinflammation and the microglial activation play a pivotal role by triggering and ...
Marco Cascella, Sabrina Bimonte
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Effects of General Anesthetics on Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity. [PDF]
Curr Neuropharmacol, 2022 General anesthetics depress excitatory and/or enhance inhibitory synaptic transmission principally by modulating the function of glutamatergic or GABAergic synapses, respectively, with relative anesthetic agent-specific mechanisms.
Platholi J, Hemmings HC.
europepmc +2 more sources
Thalamic T-Type Calcium Channels as Targets for Hypnotics and General Anesthetics. [PDF]
Int J Mol Sci, 2022 General anesthetics mainly act by modulating synaptic inhibition on the one hand (the potentiation of GABA transmission) or synaptic excitation on the other (the inhibition of NMDA receptors), but they can also have effects on numerous other proteins ...
Timic Stamenic T, Todorovic SM.
europepmc +2 more sources
Identifying c-fos Expression as a Strategy to Investigate the Actions of General Anesthetics on the Central Nervous System. [PDF]
Curr Neuropharmacol, 2022 Although general anesthetics have been used in the clinic for more than 170 years, the ways in which they induce amnesia, unconsciousness, analgesia, and immobility remain elusive.
Zhang D, Liu J, Zhu T, Zhou C.
europepmc +2 more sources