Results 41 to 50 of about 141,083 (247)

Maximizing expectancy violation and exposure outcomes in patients with PTSD

European Journal of Psychotraumatology
Background: It has been proposed that maximizing expectancy violation enhances the efficacy of exposure therapy. The clinical utility of expectancy violation remains unclear and it has not yet been studied in PTSD.Objective: We aimed to test whether ...
Marike J. Kooistra, Maartje Schoorl, Danielle A. C. Oprel, Willem van der Does, Rianne A. de Kleine   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source

Optimal percentage of inhibitory synapses in multi-task learning [PDF]

Scientific Reports, 2015
AbstractPerforming more tasks in parallel is a typical feature of complex brains. These are characterized by the coexistence of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, whose percentage in mammals is measured to have a typical value of 20-30%. Here we investigate parallel learning of more Boolean rules in neuronal networks.
Capano V, Herrmann HJ, DE ARCANGELIS, Lucilla   +2 more
openaire   +5 more sources

Gut microbiome and aging—A dynamic interplay of microbes, metabolites, and the immune system

FEBS Letters, EarlyView.
Age‐dependent shifts in microbial communities engender shifts in microbial metabolite profiles. These in turn drive shifts in barrier surface permeability of the gut and brain and induce immune activation. When paired with preexisting age‐related chronic inflammation this increases the risk of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.
Aaron Mehl, Eran Blacher
wiley   +1 more source

The role of 24-h movement Behaviors in preschool children’s learning ability: the mediating effect of inhibitory control

Frontiers in Psychology
PurposeTo investigate the impact of 24-h movement behaviors—sleep (SP), sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)—on preschool children’s learning ability, with emphasis on inhibitory ...
Chang Zhenya, Huang Jia
doaj   +1 more source

The herbicide glyphosate inhibits hippocampal long-term potentiation and learning through activation of pro-inflammatory signaling

Scientific Reports, 2023
Glyphosate, a herbicide marketed as Roundup, is widely used but there are concerns this exposure could impair cognitive function. In the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices, we investigated whether glyphosate alters synaptic transmission and long-term ...
Yukitoshi Izumi, Kazuko A. O’Dell, Charles F. Zorumski   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

The cerebellum contributes to context-effects during fear extinction learning: A 7T fMRI study

NeuroImage, 2022
The cerebellum is involved in the acquisition and consolidation of learned fear responses. Knowledge about its contribution to extinction learning, however, is sparse.
Giorgi Batsikadze, Nicolas Diekmann, Thomas Michael Ernst, Michael Klein, Stefan Maderwald, Cornelius Deuschl, Christian Josef Merz, Sen Cheng, Harald H. Quick, Dagmar Timmann   +9 more
doaj   +1 more source

Modelling stem cell differentiation related processes—A practical overview for biologists

FEBS Letters, EarlyView.
Stem cell differentiation is complex and difficult to control experimentally. This review introduces suitable computational modelling approaches that can support stem cell research, from mechanistic ODE and abstract models to multiscale and deep learning methods.
Ricco Zeegelaar, Xinqi Yan, Lucas F. Jansen Klomp, Stefano Schivo, Janine N. Post   +4 more
wiley   +1 more source

Reconstructing enzyme evolution by protein engineering

FEBS Letters, EarlyView.
Natural enzyme evolution can be retraced by protein engineering methods such as directed evolution, rational design, and ancestral sequence reconstruction. These approaches reveal how enzymes emerged from ligand‐binding scaffolds, developed varying substrate preferences, formed oligomeric complexes, adapted to environmental changes, and evolved novel ...
Lukas Drexler, Markus R. Busch, Reinhard Sterner   +2 more
wiley   +1 more source

Learning-induced enhancement of feedback inhibitory synaptic transmission [PDF]

Learning & Memory, 2009
Olfactory-discrimination learning results with a series of intrinsic and excitatory synaptic modifications in piriform cortex pyramidal neurons. Here we show that such learning results with long-lasting enhancement of inhibitory synaptic transmission onto proximal dendrites of these pyramidal neurons.
Inbar, Brosh, Edi, Barkai
openaire   +2 more sources

Fear learning increases the number of polyribosomes associated with excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the barrel cortex.

PLoS ONE, 2013
Associative fear learning, resulting from whisker stimulation paired with application of a mild electric shock to the tail in a classical conditioning paradigm, changes the motor behavior of mice and modifies the cortical functional representation of ...
Malgorzata Jasinska, Ewa Siucinska, Ewa Jasek, Jan A Litwin, Elzbieta Pyza, Malgorzata Kossut   +5 more
doaj   +1 more source