Results 71 to 80 of about 122,656 (259)

Molecular Signatures of HIV‐Induced Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in Human Cerebral Organoids: Identification of Therapeutic Targets for NeuroHIV

Advanced Science, EarlyView.
HIV preferentially infects microglia, activating IL‐17A‐driven IFN‐γ/STAT1, CEBPB, and NF‐κB signaling that converges with cGAS‐STING and Notch–NEURL1 pathways, promoting neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and synaptic impairment. cART suppresses viral replication, attenuates inflammatory signaling, and at least partially restores ...
Karthick Chennakesavan, Malaroviyam Samikkannu, Shreyan Gupta, Olasunkanmi Israel Tayo, Arpan Acharya, James J. Cai, Siddappa N. Byrareddy, Thangavel Samikkannu   +7 more
wiley   +1 more source

A Molecularly Defined Midbrain Circuit Mechanism for Sound‐Driven Defensive Behavior and Anxiety

Advanced Science, EarlyView.
Schematic diagram showing the Cbln2+ ICx–dPAG circuit for sound‐driven defensive and anxiety‐like behaviors. ABSTRACT The innate defense behaviors in response to threatening sounds play a fundamental role in survival. However, the neural circuits that detect threat‐relevant auditory cues and transform them into defensive behaviors remain poorly defined.
Jie Cao, Xingxing Lai, Lifang Huo, Zhouyuan Zheng, Qian Zhang, Zhimin Ye, Panpan Wan, Chao Ma, Congping Shang   +8 more
wiley   +1 more source

Time for Radical Changes in Brain Stem Nomenclature—Applying the Lessons From Developmental Gene Patterns

Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 2019
The traditional subdivision of the brain stem into midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata is based purely on the external appearance of the human brain stem.
Charles Watson, Charles Watson, Caitlin Bartholomaeus, Luis Puelles   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

SCTR–Expressing Astrocyte–Serotonergic Neuron Signaling Drives Sexual Dimorphism in Depression Through KAT7/H4ac–Foxc2 Epigenetic Axis in an AMPK‐Dependent Manner

Advanced Science, EarlyView.
Astrocytic SCTR modulates depressive‐related phenotypes via AMPKα1, whereas lowered Mt1 blunts Megalin‐dependent AMPKα2 signaling in serotonergic neurons. Diminished AMPKα2 hinders KAT7 nuclear translocation, curtails KAT7 occupancy and H4K8ac at the Foxc2 promoter, and represses Foxc2 transcription, revealing cell‐type‐specific AMPK‐linked epigenetic ...
Fantao Meng, Jing Liu, Juanjuan Dai, Min Wu, Wentao Wang, Mengdi Zhang, Shujun Jiang, Yifan Cao, Lihong Xu, Lin Du, Dan Wang, Di Zhao, Gaofeng Qin, Dong Wang, Wei Li, Chen Li   +15 more
wiley   +1 more source

Developmentally Guided Differentiation of Ventral Midbrain Dopaminergic Cells Validated in Proteopathy‐Based Parkinson's Disease Models

Advanced Science, EarlyView.
A developmentally guided protocol reproducibly specifies EN1‐positive ventral midbrain dopaminergic (vmDA) progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells and yields functional vmDA neurons. Optogenetic induction of α‐synuclein aggregation elicits selective degeneration of TH‐positive neurons in 2D cultures and 3D neurospheroids, while transplanted ...
Heechang Moon, Heejeong Kim, Elliot H. Lee, Hanseul Kim, Ji Hun Kim, Huisu Jeong, Jiwon Cheon, Ga Ram Jeong, Byoung Dae Lee, Jae‐Won Cho, Soo‐Jin Oh, Yunjong Lee, Yohan Oh   +12 more
wiley   +1 more source

A Medley of Midbrain Maladies: A Brief Review of Midbrain Anatomy and Syndromology for Radiologists [PDF]

, 2012
The midbrain represents the uppermost portion of the brainstem, containing numerous important nuclei and white matter tracts, most of which are involved in motor control, as well as the auditory and visual pathways.
Gasser M. Hathout, Kathleen Ruchalski
core   +1 more source

A Hypothalamic Oxytocinergic–Sympathetic Axis Couples Anxiety Dysregulation With Impaired Tendon–Bone Repair

Advanced Science, EarlyView.
RCI is associated with functional suppression of oxytocinergic neurons in the PVN. Reduced PVNOXT neuronal activity contributes to altered sympathetic regulation involving the IML–sympathetic chain pathway, accompanied by changes in norepinephrine signaling at the BTI.
Liyang Wan, Tingmo Huang, Liyue Zeng, Ruixue Du, Hengshuo Zhang, Shen Liu, Tao Zhang, Jianzhong Hu, Hongbin Lu   +8 more
wiley   +1 more source

Morphological characteristics of cerebellum, pons and thalamus in Reccurent isolated sleep paralysis – A pilot study

Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
IntroductionRecurrent isolated sleep paralysis (RISP) is a rapid eye movement sleep (REM) parasomnia, characterized by the loss of voluntary movements upon sleep onset and/or awakening with preserved consciousness.
Eva Miletínová, Eva Miletínová, Monika Kliková, Amálie Dostalíková, Jitka Bušková, Jitka Bušková   +5 more
doaj   +1 more source

The Effects of Methylphenidate on Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Basal Nucleus of Meynert, Locus Coeruleus, and Ventral Tegmental Area in Healthy Adults

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2016
Background: Methylphenidate (MPH) influences catecholaminergic signaling. Extant work examined the effects of MPH on the neural circuits of attention and cognitive control, but few studies have investigated the effect of MPH on the brain’s resting-state ...
Ryan Lewis Kline, Sheng eZhang, Olivia M Farr, Sien eHu, Laszlo eZaborzsky, Gregory R Samanez-Larkin, Gregory R Samanez-Larkin, Chiang-shan R Li, Chiang-shan R Li, Chiang-shan R Li   +9 more
doaj   +1 more source

Midbrain Horizontal Gaze Palsy

, 2023
The midbrain and mesodiencephalic junction contain the key structures involved in the premotor control of vertical and torsional eye movements. Thus, vertical gaze palsy is characteristic of lesions involving the midbrain or mesodiencephalic junction ...
Hyun Sung Kim; Yu Jin Lee; Sol Rim Choi; Eun Hye Oh; Kwang-Dong Choi; Jae-Hwan Choi
core