Results 31 to 40 of about 32,728 (256)

The Translational Significance of the Neurovascular Unit [PDF]

Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2017
The mammalian brain is supplied with blood by specialized vasculature that is structurally and functionally distinct from that of the periphery. A defining feature of this vasculature is a physical blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB separates blood components from the brain microenvironment, regulating the entry and exit of ions, nutrients ...
Heather L, McConnell, Cymon N, Kersch, Randall L, Woltjer, Edward A, Neuwelt   +3 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Innate Immunity Cells and the Neurovascular Unit [PDF]

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2018
Recent studies have clarified many still unknown aspects related to innate immunity and the blood-brain barrier relationship. They have also confirmed the close links between effector immune system cells, such as granulocytes, macrophages, microglia, natural killer cells and mast cells, and barrier functionality.
Ivan Presta, Marco Flavio Michele Vismara, Fabiana Novellino, Annalidia Donato, Paolo Zaffino, Elisabetta Scali, Krizia Caterina Pirrone, Maria Francesca Spadea, Natalia Malara, Giuseppe Donato   +9 more
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Interaction of Microglia and Astrocytes in the Neurovascular Unit [PDF]

Frontiers in Immunology, 2020
The interaction between microglia and astrocytes significantly influences neuroinflammation. Microglia/astrocytes, part of the neurovascular unit (NVU), are activated by various brain insults. The local extracellular and intracellular signals determine their characteristics and switch of phenotypes.
Li-rong Liu, Li-rong Liu, Jia-chen Liu, Jin-shuang Bao, Qin-qin Bai, Gai-qing Wang, Gai-qing Wang   +6 more
openaire   +3 more sources

Endocytic BDNF secretion regulated by Vamp3 in astrocytes

Scientific Reports, 2021
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates diverse brain functions via TrkB receptor signaling. Due to the expression of TrkB receptors, astrocytes can internalize extracellular BDNF proteins via receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Jeongho Han, Sungryeong Yoon, Hyungju Park   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Making Connexons in the Neurovascular Unit [PDF]

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 2012
Less than a decade ago, the term blood–brain barrier underwent a major conceptual change when it was recognized that the cerebrovasculature was anything, but passive in its structure and function. Instead of a layer of bricks separated by heavy mortar, the brain endothelial cell became one of a complement of cell types performing together as a dynamic,
openaire   +2 more sources

Dysfunction of the neurovascular unit in brain aging

The Journal of Biomedical Research, 2023
An emerging concept termed the neurovascular unit (NVU) underlines neurovascular coupling. It has been reported that NVU impairment can result in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Aging is a complex and irreversible process caused by programmed and damage-related factors.
Liu, Shu, Yang, Xu, Chen, Fei, Cai, Zhiyou   +3 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Spreading depression as an innate antiseizure mechanism

Nature Communications, 2021
Spreading depression is a prolonged depolarization in the CNS associated with several neurological diseases. Here the authors demonstrate a reciprocal relationship between spreading depression and seizures in an animal model.
Isra Tamim, David Y. Chung, Andreia Lopes de Morais, Inge C. M. Loonen, Tao Qin, Amrit Misra, Frieder Schlunk, Matthias Endres, Steven J. Schiff, Cenk Ayata   +9 more
doaj   +1 more source

Microbiome‐blood–brain barrier interactions in aging — mechanisms and therapeutic potential

FEBS Letters, EarlyView.
Aging reshapes the gut microbiome (↓SCFA‐producing commensals; ↑pro‐inflammatory outputs), shifting circulating metabolites (↓SCFAs; ↑LPS, ↑TMAO, ↑PAA) that act at the BBB to increase nonspecific transcytosis, alter transport, and promote astrocyte reactivity, heightening brain vulnerability.
Daniel Cuervo‐Zanatta, Hari Baskar Balasubramanian, Amir Pasokh, Marietta Zille   +3 more
wiley   +1 more source

How does neurovascular unit dysfunction contribute to multiple sclerosis?

Neurobiology of Disease, 2023
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and the most common non-traumatic cause of neurological disability in young adults.
Jake M. Cashion, Kaylene M. Young, Brad A. Sutherland   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Pericyte Signaling in the Neurovascular Unit [PDF]

Stroke, 2009
Brain pericytes are intimately associated with capillary endothelial cells, separated only by basement membrane. Pericyte research has been hampered by absence of pericyte-specific immunochemical markers. The vast array of pericyte functions include contractility, immunologic, migratory, and angiogenic. Pericytes have stem cell potential, contribute to
openaire   +2 more sources