Hadrurid Scorpion Toxins: Evolutionary Conservation and Selective Pressures [PDF]
Toxins, 2019 Scorpion toxins are thought to have originated from ancestral housekeeping genes that underwent diversification and neofunctionalization, as a result of positive selection. Our understanding of the evolutionary origin of these peptides is hindered by the
Carlos E. Santibáñez-López +4 more
doaj +5 more sources
Biotechnological Trends in Spider and Scorpion Antivenom Development [PDF]
Toxins, 2016 Spiders and scorpions are notorious for their fearful dispositions and their ability to inject venom into prey and predators, causing symptoms such as necrosis, paralysis, and excruciating pain.
Andreas Hougaard Laustsen +5 more
doaj +8 more sources
Diverse Structural Features of Potassium Channels Characterized by Scorpion Toxins as Molecular Probes [PDF]
Molecules, 2019 Scorpion toxins are well-known as the largest potassium channel peptide blocker family. They have been successfully proven to be valuable molecular probes for structural research on diverse potassium channels. The potassium channel pore region, including
Yonghui Zhao +4 more
doaj +2 more sources
Properties and Pharmacology of Scorpion Toxins and Their Biotechnological Potential in Agriculture and Medicine [PDF]
ToxinsScorpion venoms contain a wide range of toxins that interact with a variety of target molecules (ion channels, receptors and enzymes) associated with synaptic transmission, action potential propagation, cardiac function, hemostasis and other ...
Cháriston André Dal Belo +2 more
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Scorpion toxins targeting Kv1.3 channels: insights into immunosuppression [PDF]
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, 2019 Scorpion venoms are natural sources of molecules that have, in addition to their toxic function, potential therapeutic applications. In this source the neurotoxins can be found especially those that act on potassium channels.
Isadora S Oliveira +7 more
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Target-Driven Evolution of Scorpion Toxins. [PDF]
Sci Rep, 2015 AbstractIt is long known that peptide neurotoxins derived from a diversity of venomous animals evolve by positive selection following gene duplication, yet a force that drives their adaptive evolution remains a mystery. By using maximum-likelihood models of codon substitution, we analyzed molecular adaptation in scorpion sodium channel toxins from a ...
Zhang S, Gao B, Zhu S.
europepmc +4 more sources
Beta Toxins Isolated from the Scorpion Centruroides hirsutipalpus (Scorpiones; Buthidae) Affect the Function of Sodium Channels of Mammals [PDF]
ToxinsScorpion venom toxins are important peptides being studied for their clinical significance. These peptides act by binding to ion channels in the membrane of nerve cells, causing the symptoms associated with scorpion stings (scorpionism). They principally
Laura L. Valdez-Velazquez +8 more
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Immunogenicity of two representative American consensus scorpion neurotoxins from the genera Tityus and Centruroides. [PDF]
PLoS Neglected Tropical DiseasesTwo consensus scorpion toxins derived from venoms of the genera Centruroides (NATx, North America), and Tityus (SATx, South America) were rationally designed and recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli Origami. Both recombinant proteins were produced
Samuel Cardoso-Arenas +9 more
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Overview of Scorpion Species from China and Their Toxins
Toxins, 2014 Scorpions are one of the most ancient groups of terrestrial animals. They have maintained a steady morphology over more than 400 million years of evolution.
Zhijian Cao +3 more
doaj +3 more sources
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Reveals Specific Interaction Sites between Scorpion Toxins and Kv1.2 Channel: Implications for Design of Highly Selective Drugs [PDF]
Toxins, 2017 The Kv1.2 channel plays an important role in the maintenance of resting membrane potential and the regulation of the cellular excitability of neurons, whose silencing or mutations can elicit neuropathic pain or neurological diseases (e.g., epilepsy and ...
Shouli Yuan, Bin Gao, Shunyi Zhu
doaj +2 more sources