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Toll-like receptors and the eye
Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2005This review will describe the structure, expression/distribution and functional activity of Toll-like receptors, in particular in the ocular structures. It will also discuss innate and adaptive immune responses, by exploring the possible modulation/regulation of innate and adaptive immunity by Toll-like receptors, in view of recent findings observed in
Micera, Alessandra +4 more
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Toll-Like Receptors in Dermatology
Dermatologic Clinics, 2007The human skin represents the first line of defense against potentially hazardous environmental threats (ie, infection by microbes, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi). To fulfill this crucial function and to maintain the integrity of the skin compartment, evolution has equipped the human immune system with a variety of sophisticated tools leading to
Martin, Mempel +3 more
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Toll‐Like Receptors and Diabetes
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2008Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) recognize molecular patterns relating to a variety of microbial infections. Stimulation through TLRs leads to activation of antigen‐presenting cells, production of inflammatory cytokines creating inflammation, and production of type 1 interferons (IFNs) that include IFN‐α and ‐β, and exerts direct effects on regulatory cells.
Wong, FS, Wen, L
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Toll-like receptors and cancer
Nature Reviews Cancer, 2008Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that are best-known for their role in host defence from infection. Emerging evidence also suggests that TLRs have an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by regulating the inflammatory and tissue repair responses to injury. The development of cancer has been associated
Seth, Rakoff-Nahoum, Ruslan, Medzhitov
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Trends in Molecular Medicine, 2002
A mammalian immune response to microbial organisms requires a series of pattern recognition steps, and nonspecific processes often precede elements of the specific immune system in this process. Molecules such as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acids are relatively conserved, and are recognized in this manner by toll-like receptors ...
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A mammalian immune response to microbial organisms requires a series of pattern recognition steps, and nonspecific processes often precede elements of the specific immune system in this process. Molecules such as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acids are relatively conserved, and are recognized in this manner by toll-like receptors ...
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Viruses and Toll-like receptors
Microbes and Infection, 2004Production of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons by mammalian cells is mediated through virus-specific activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Known roles for different TLRs and speculation as to their roles in viral pathogenesis and immunity are discussed in this review.
Robert W, Finberg, Evelyn A, Kurt-Jones
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Toll-like Receptors in the Cornea
The Ocular Surface, 2005We propose that activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the corneal epithelium in response to exposure to microbial products leads to production of CXC chemokines and recruitment of neutrophils to the stroma, increasing stromal thickness and causing haze. A schematic is presented showing the proposed role of TLRs in the inflammatory process.
Angela, Johnson, Eric, Pearlman
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Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2005
The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a recently discovered family of receptors involved in the innate recognition of pathogens. TLRs have much homology to the IL-1 receptor family and the Drosophila Toll protein, and at least 10 distinct TLRs have now been identified in human subjects (Fig 1).
Pierre Olivier, Fiset +2 more
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The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a recently discovered family of receptors involved in the innate recognition of pathogens. TLRs have much homology to the IL-1 receptor family and the Drosophila Toll protein, and at least 10 distinct TLRs have now been identified in human subjects (Fig 1).
Pierre Olivier, Fiset +2 more
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Toll-Like Receptors and Their Ligands
2002The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key molecules involved in the recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system. This family of germ line-encoded receptors has evolved to recognize conserved features of microbes. Currently, 10 TLR family members have been identified in mammals.
G M, Barton, R, Medzhitov
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Toll‐like Receptors in Autoimmunity
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2008Both genetic predispositions and environmental factors contribute to the development of autoimmunity. Toll‐like receptors (TLR) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and their stimulus by pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) is an important prerequisite for the induction of ...
Maria, Fischer, Marc, Ehlers
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