Results 271 to 280 of about 233,587 (310)
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Toll‐Like Receptors and Diabetes
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2008Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) recognize molecular patterns relating to a variety of microbial infections. Stimulation through TLRs leads to activation of antigen‐presenting cells, production of inflammatory cytokines creating inflammation, and production of type 1 interferons (IFNs) that include IFN‐α and ‐β, and exerts direct effects on regulatory cells.
Wong, FS, Wen, L
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2014
This chapter focuses on examples of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) research where questions have been particularly well addressed as potential paradigms for the entire TLR system. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been used for decades in immunology laboratories because of its multiple effects on innate immune cells as well as B lymphocytes and, after discovery
Natsuko Tanimura, Kensuke Miyake
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This chapter focuses on examples of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) research where questions have been particularly well addressed as potential paradigms for the entire TLR system. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been used for decades in immunology laboratories because of its multiple effects on innate immune cells as well as B lymphocytes and, after discovery
Natsuko Tanimura, Kensuke Miyake
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Toll-like receptors and the eye
Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2005This review will describe the structure, expression/distribution and functional activity of Toll-like receptors, in particular in the ocular structures. It will also discuss innate and adaptive immune responses, by exploring the possible modulation/regulation of innate and adaptive immunity by Toll-like receptors, in view of recent findings observed in
Micera, Alessandra +4 more
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Nature Reviews Immunology, 2004
One of the mechanisms by which the innate immune system senses the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms is through the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize specific molecular patterns that are present in microbial components. Stimulation of different TLRs induces distinct patterns of gene expression, which not only leads to the activation of ...
Kiyoshi Takeda, Shizuo Akira
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One of the mechanisms by which the innate immune system senses the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms is through the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize specific molecular patterns that are present in microbial components. Stimulation of different TLRs induces distinct patterns of gene expression, which not only leads to the activation of ...
Kiyoshi Takeda, Shizuo Akira
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Toll-like receptors and sepsis
Current Infectious Disease Reports, 2004Recent evidence suggests that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a major role in innate immunity to recognize specific molecular patterns derived from pathogens, including lipid, protein, DNA, and RNA, and to fight against pathogens. Each TLR displays a difference in the expression pattern, intracellular localization, and signaling pathway, resulting in ...
Shizuo Akira, Ken Ishii
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Toll-like Receptors in the Cornea [PDF]
The Ocular Surface, 2005 We propose that activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the corneal epithelium in response to exposure to microbial products leads to production of CXC chemokines and recruitment of neutrophils to the stroma, increasing stromal thickness and causing haze. A schematic is presented showing the proposed role of TLRs in the inflammatory process.
Eric Pearlman, Angela C. Johnson
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Current Opinion in Immunology, 2003
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential in the host defense against microbial pathogens. Individual TLRs recognize distinct structural components of pathogens and evoke inflammatory responses. Recent evidence indicates that TLRs recognize not only bacteria and fungi but also viruses.
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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential in the host defense against microbial pathogens. Individual TLRs recognize distinct structural components of pathogens and evoke inflammatory responses. Recent evidence indicates that TLRs recognize not only bacteria and fungi but also viruses.
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Toll-Like Receptors and Their Ligands
2002The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key molecules involved in the recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system. This family of germ line-encoded receptors has evolved to recognize conserved features of microbes. Currently, 10 TLR family members have been identified in mammals.
Ruslan Medzhitov, Gregory M. Barton
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Toll-like receptors in the spotlight
Nature Immunology, 2003Evidence that the relatively new field of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has come of age was apparent at a meeting held by the Biochemical Society at the Novartis Respiratory Centre in Horsham, UK, on 3 February 2003. The meeting covered a wide range of topics including how the innate response is tailored to the invading pathogen, how TLRs might have ...
Zarin Brown +2 more
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Toll‐like Receptors in Autoimmunity
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2008Both genetic predispositions and environmental factors contribute to the development of autoimmunity. Toll‐like receptors (TLR) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and their stimulus by pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) is an important prerequisite for the induction of ...
Maria Fischer, Marc Ehlers
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