Results 1 to 10 of about 76,183,421 (152)

Bayesian inference for integrated pharmacokinetic modelling of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. [PDF]

ADMET DMPK
Background and purpose: Mitragynine is an active compound in kratom that is metabolized to the pharmacologically active 7-hydroxymitragynine, requiring an integrated pharmacokinetic approach to maintain plasma concentrations of both within the optimal range.
Notario D, Gunawan U, Kambira PFA, Wulandari E, Wulandari E, Prasetyanto EA.   +5 more
europepmc   +8 more sources

Suspected Adulteration of Commercial Kratom Products With 7-Hydroxymitragynine [PDF]

Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2016
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a plant native to Southeast Asia, has been used for centuries for its stimulant and opium-like effects. Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, exclusive to M. speciosa, are the alkaloids primary responsible for Kratom's biologic and psychoactive profile, and likely contribute to its problematic use.
Christopher R McCurdy, Bonnie A Avery, Kavita M. Babu   +2 more
exaly   +7 more sources

From Kratom to 7-Hydroxymitragynine: Evolution of a Natural Remedy Into a Public-Health Threat [PDF]

Pharmaceutical Biology
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), native to Southeast Asia, has traditionally been consumed as fresh leaves or teas. Under those conditions, exposure to 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH)-a potent μ-opioid receptor agonist-is minimal, as it occurs only at trace levels in leaf material. By contrast, the U.S.
George Pro, Igor Koturbash, Scott Alsbrook   +2 more
exaly   +7 more sources

Effects of Itraconazole on Pharmacokinetics of Mitragynine and 7-Hydroxymitragynine in Healthy Volunteers [PDF]

ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science
CYP3A4-mediated metabolic conversion of mitragynine to 7-hydroxymitragynine (7OH) has been demonstrated in human liver microsomes, and in rodents. Pharmacokinetics (PK) of mitragynine and 7OH in humans is still limited. We aimed to examine the pharmacokinetics of mitragynine and the formation of 7OH in healthy volunteers.
Juraithip Wungsintaweekul, Amit Jaisi, Kamonthip Wiwattanawongsa   +2 more
exaly   +5 more sources

Inhibitory Effects of Kratom Constituents, Mitragynine and 7-Hydroxymitragynine, on 4-Methylumbelliferone Glucuronidation by Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases [PDF]

Toxicology Reports
As Kratom use increases, concerns about potential herb-drug interactions with liver enzymes, particularly UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), have emerged. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of Kratom leaf constituents, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, on 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) glucuronidation by a panel of recombinant human UGT ...
Uchaipichat V.
exaly   +6 more sources

In silico investigation of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine metabolism. [PDF]

BMC Res Notes, 2019
Abstract Objective: Mitragynine is the main active compound of Mitragyna speciose (Kratom in Thai). The understanding of mitragynine derivative metabolism in human body is required to develop effective detection techniques in case of drug abuse or establish an appropriate dosage in case of medicinal uses.
Limpanuparb T, Noorat R, Tantirungrotechai Y.   +2 more
europepmc   +6 more sources

Mitragynine and 7-Hydroxymitragynine: Bidirectional Effects on Breathing in Rats [PDF]

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Abstract The use of kratom as an alternative to conventional opioids has surged, driven largely by anecdotal reports of its efficacy for pain relief and opioid withdrawal management. The growing prevalence of kratom products enriched with 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-HMG), an active metabolite of mitragynine (MG), necessitates evaluating the
Christopher R McCurdy, Jenny Wilkerson, Samuel Obeng   +2 more
exaly   +5 more sources

Evaluation of the Rewarding Effects of Mitragynine and 7‐Hydroxymitragynine in an Intracranial Self-Stimulation Procedure in Male and Female Rats [PDF]

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2020
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) has been used in Southeast Asia for hundreds of years to increase energy, for relaxation, and to diminish opioid withdrawal. Kratom use has recently spread to Western countries. Kratom could potentially be used for the treatment of opioid withdrawal and pain, but more insight is needed into its abuse potential ...
Adriaan W Bruijnzeel, Christopher R McCurdy, Ranjithkumar Chellian   +2 more
exaly   +5 more sources

De Facto Opioids: Characterization of Novel 7-Hydroxymitragynine and Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl Product Marketing [PDF]

Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Within the past year, the online sale of semi-synthetic products containing chemicals derived from mitragynine, kratom's primary alkaloid: 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH) and mitragynine pseudoindoxyl (MP) has emerged. Both are highly selective mu opioid receptor agonists undetectable or not present in fresh kratom leaves and may, as constituents of novel ...
Edward W Boyer, Kirsten E Smith, Oliver Grundmann   +2 more
exaly   +4 more sources

Oral Pharmacokinetics in Beagle Dogs of the Mitragynine Metabolite, 7-Hydroxymitragynine. [PDF]

Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet, 2021
7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-HMG) is an oxidative metabolite of mitragynine, the most abundant alkaloid in the leaves of Mitragyna speciosa (otherwise known as kratom). While mitragynine is a weak partial µ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist, 7-HMG is a potent and full MOR agonist.
Maxwell EA, King TI, Kamble SH, Raju KSR, Berthold EC, León F, Hampson A, McMahon LR, McCurdy CR, Sharma A.   +9 more
europepmc   +3 more sources