Electrical breakdown in liquid-phase processing on an enhancement of 7-hydroxymitragynine conversion from mitragynine in Mitragyna speciose (Kratom) [PDF]
HeliyonThis study investigates the impact of the Electrical Breakdown in Liquid-phase (EBL) process on alkaloid transformation in Mitragyna speciose (Kratom) leaves, focusing on the conversion of mitragynine (MG) to 7-hydroxy mitragynine (7-OH-MG) by using ...
Weerasak Samee +7 more
doaj +4 more sources
Suspected Adulteration of Commercial Kratom Products with 7-Hydroxymitragynine [PDF]
Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2016 Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a plant native to Southeast Asia, has been used for centuries for its stimulant and opium-like effects. Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, exclusive to M. speciosa, are the alkaloids primary responsible for Kratom's biologic and psychoactive profile, and likely contribute to its problematic use.
Abhisheak Sharma +2 more
exaly +6 more sources
Evaluation of the rewarding effects of mitragynine and 7‐hydroxymitragynine in an intracranial self-stimulation procedure in male and female rats [PDF]
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2020 Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) has been used in Southeast Asia for hundreds of years to increase energy, for relaxation, and to diminish opioid withdrawal. Kratom use has recently spread to Western countries. Kratom could potentially be used for the treatment of opioid withdrawal and pain, but more insight is needed into its abuse potential ...
Ranjithkumar Chellian +2 more
exaly +5 more sources
Effects of Itraconazole on Pharmacokinetics of Mitragynine and 7-Hydroxymitragynine in Healthy Volunteers [PDF]
ACS Pharmacology and Translational ScienceCYP3A4-mediated metabolic conversion of mitragynine to 7-hydroxymitragynine (7OH) has been demonstrated in human liver microsomes, and in rodents. Pharmacokinetics (PK) of mitragynine and 7OH in humans is still limited. We aimed to examine the pharmacokinetics of mitragynine and the formation of 7OH in healthy volunteers.
Amit Jaisi +2 more
exaly +4 more sources
Unveiling 7‑Hydroxymitragynine as the Key Active Metabolite of Mitragynine and the Promise for Creating Novel Pain Relievers [PDF]
ACS Central Science, 2019 A metabolism-dependent mechanism helps to understand mitragynine’s opioid pharmacology and its analgesic activity.
Mariana Spetea, Helmut Schmidhammer
doaj +4 more sources
EFSA Journal, 2022 The current report summarises the work performed in the context of the European Food Risk Assessment Fellowship Programme (EU‐FORA), which included the evaluation of health risks associated with the consumption of botanical preparations of Mitragyna ...
Georgia Papadi +2 more
doaj +2 more sources
A systematic review of (pre)clinical studies on the therapeutic potential and safety profile of kratom in humans [PDF]
Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, Volume 37, Issue 1, January 2022., 2021 © 2021 The Authors. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-
Bersani, Giuseppe +5 more
core +3 more sources
DNA Barcoding and Chemical Profile Using UHPLC, GC-MS and LC-MS/QTOF of Mitragyna speciosa Variation and Allied Species for Quality Control of Kratom Materials [PDF]
PlantsKratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) has gained increasing global attention due to its traditional use, psychoactive properties, and emerging therapeutic potential; however, concerns regarding adulteration, substitution, and inconsistent quality of ...
Phunsuk Anantaworasakul +11 more
doaj +2 more sources
Alkaloid biosynthesis in medicinal crop kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) varies with postharvest, genetic, and seasonal factors [PDF]
Frontiers in Plant ScienceIntroductionKratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a medicinally valuable ethnobotanical tree native to Southeast Asia, has traditionally been used to combat fatigue and enhance productivity.
Mengzi Zhang +9 more
doaj +2 more sources
Following "the Roots" of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): The Evolution of an Enhancer from a Traditional Use to Increase Work and Productivity in Southeast Asia to a Recreational Psychoactive Drug in Western Countries. [PDF]
BioMed Research International, Volume 2015, Issue 1, 2015., 2015 The use of substances to enhance human abilities is a constant and cross-‐cultural feature in the evolution of humanity. Although much has changed over time, the availability on the Internet, often supported by misleading marketing strategies, has made ...
Bersani, Francesco Saverio +14 more
core +8 more sources