Results 51 to 60 of about 76,183,421 (152)

Improved Detection of Kratom Alkaloids in Forensic Toxicology [PDF]

, 2021
Kratom is a botanical drug with psychoactive properties that produces both stimulant and opiate effects depending on the dosage. Its major psychoactive components are mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine.
Basiliere, Stephanie Pauline
core   +2 more sources

Oxidative Metabolism as a Modulator of Kratom’s Biological Actions

, 2021
The leaves of Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), a plant native to Southeast Asia, are increasingly used as a pain reliever and for attenuation of opioid withdrawal symptoms.
Rajendra Uprety (1273764), Ying Xian Pan (9624572), Takeshi Irie (11712972), Sanjay Kalra (700410), Bronwyn M. Kivell (816130), Jin Xu (31283), Soumen Chakraborty (343228), Shainnel O. Eans (1375899), Samuel T. Slocum (4068751), Michael Ansonoff (6749957), Jay P. McLaughlin (1375902), Andras Varadi (6743981), Abdullah Allaoa (9624569), Gavril W. Pasternak (649156), Valerie Le Rouzic (9624560), Brittany Scouller (11712975), Andrew C. Kruegel (1432972), Amanda Hunkele (1481068), John Pintar (3205833), Dalibor Sames (1432975), Lisa L. Wilson (6838613), Michael D. Cameron (1315059), Amy F. Alder (8892506), Xiaohai Li (136211), Susruta Majumdar (1312416)   +24 more
core   +2 more sources

Plant-Based Indole Alkaloids: A Comprehensive Overview from a Pharmacological Perspective

Molecules, 2021
Plant-based indole alkaloids are very rich in pharmacological activities, and the indole nucleus is considered to contribute greatly to these activities.
Faisal Omar, Abu Montakim Tareq, Ali M. Alqahtani, Kuldeep Dhama, Mohammed Abu Sayeed, Talha Bin Emran, Jesus Simal-Gandara   +6 more
doaj   +1 more source

A Case Report of Kratom-Induced Psychiatric Decompensation

European Psychiatry, 2022
Introduction Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is an herb found in South East Asia belonging to the Rubiacea family, the active constituents being Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Sold as a dietary supplement in the form of a leaf, tablet, and powder, it
E. Garrels, G. Gill, S. Mitra, P. Korenis   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

Multifaceted modulation of human opioid receptors by kratom alkaloids: binding affinity, functional selectivity, and allosteric activity. [PDF]

Front Pharmacol
IntroductionKratom (Mitragyna speciosa) contains over 50 alkaloids, yet the pharmacological activity of most remains poorly defined, limiting our understanding of its therapeutic potential and safety profile.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive evaluation
Hemby SE, Rangel-Grimaldo M, McIntosh S, Zheng J, Flores-Bocanegra L, Graf TN, Coover RA, Oberlies NH.   +7 more
europepmc   +2 more sources

A novel mitragynine analog with low-efficacy mu opioid receptor agonism displays antinociception with attenuated adverse effects [PDF]

, 2021
Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7OH) are the major alkaloids mediating the biological actions of the psychoactive plant kratom. To investigate the structure-activity relationships of mitragynine/7OH templates, we diversified the aromatic ring of ...
Chintala, Satyanarayana M, Che, Tao, Faouzi, Abdelfattah, Chakraborty, Soumen, Bernhard, Sarah M, Majumdar, Susruta, Jilakara, Rahul, et al,, Nuthikattu, Nitin, Provasi, Davide, DiBerto, Jeffrey F, Zhou, Yuchen, Sames, Dalibor, Wilson, Lisa L, Filizola, Marta, McLaughlin, Jay P, Gutridge, Anna M, Eans, Shainnel O, Roth, Bryan L, Ramsey, Steven, Javitch, Jonathan A, Asher, Wesley B, Nelson, Melissa NF, van Rijn, Richard M, Margolis, Elyssa B, Dalibor Sames, Marta Filizola, Susruta Majumdar, Satyanarayana M. Chintala, Rahul Jilakara, Anna M. Gutridge, Melissa N. F. Nelson, Elyssa B. Margolis, Steven Ramsey, Jay P. McLaughlin, Abdelfattah Faouzi, Lisa L. Wilson, Shainnel O. Eans, Davide Provasi, Tao Che, Soumen Chakraborty, Jeffrey F. DiBerto, Sarah M. Bernhard, Yuchen Zhou, Jonathan A. Javitch, Richard M. van Rijn, Bryan L. Roth, Wesley B. Asher, Nitin Nuthikattu   +48 more
core   +1 more source

Following “the Roots” of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): The Evolution of an Enhancer from a Traditional Use to Increase Work and Productivity in Southeast Asia to a Recreational Psychoactive Drug in Western Countries

BioMed Research International, Volume 2015, Issue 1, 2015., 2015
The use of substances to enhance human abilities is a constant and cross‐cultural feature in the evolution of humanity. Although much has changed over time, the availability on the Internet, often supported by misleading marketing strategies, has made their use even more likely and risky.
Eduardo Cinosi, Giovanni Martinotti, Pierluigi Simonato, Darshan Singh, Zsolt Demetrovics, Andres Roman-Urrestarazu, Francesco Saverio Bersani, Balasingam Vicknasingam, Giulia Piazzon, Jih-Heng Li, Wen-Jing Yu, Máté Kapitány-Fövény, Judit Farkas, Massimo Di Giannantonio, Ornella Corazza, Yu-Ping Tang   +15 more
wiley   +1 more source

Kratom Abuse Potential 2021: An Updated Eight Factor Analysis

Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022
Drugs are regulated in the United States (US) by the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) if assessment of their abuse potential, including public health risks, show such control is warranted.
Jack E. Henningfield, Daniel W. Wang, Marilyn A. Huestis   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Induction and Analysis of the Alkaloid Mitragynine Content of a Mitragyna speciosa Suspension Culture System upon Elicitation and Precursor Feeding

The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2013, Issue 1, 2013., 2013
This study aimed to determine the effects of different concentrations and combinations of the phytohormones 2,4‐dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4‐D), kinetin, 6‐benzylaminopurine (BAP), and 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on callus induction and to demonstrate the role of elicitors and exogenous precursors on the production of mitragynine in a Mitragyna ...
Nor Nahazima Mohamad Zuldin, Ikram Md. Said, Normah Mohd Noor, Zamri Zainal, Chew Jin Kiat, Ismanizan Ismail, A. Bakhsh, K. M. Khawar, S. Onarici, C. A. Ozel, A. Q. Rao   +10 more
wiley   +1 more source

An Alternative Paradigm for the Role of Antimalarial Plants in Africa

The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2012, Issue 1, 2012., 2012
Most investigations into the antimalarial activity of African plants are centered on finding an indigenous equivalent to artemisinin, the compound from which current frontline antimalarial drugs are synthesized. As a consequence, the standard practice in ethnopharmacological research is to use in vitro assays to identify compounds that inhibit ...
Steven Maranz, Yasushi Shigeri
wiley   +1 more source