Results 41 to 50 of about 19,635 (271)

Using Multiscale Molecular Dynamics Simulations to Obtain Insights into Pore Forming Toxin Mechanisms [PDF]

Methods in Enzymology (Chapter Sixteen), 2021, 2020
Pore forming toxins (PFTs) are virulent proteins released by several species, including many strains of bacteria, to attack and kill host cells. In this article, we focus on the utility of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the molecular insights gleaned from these techniques on the pore forming pathways of PFTs.
arxiv   +1 more source

Changing the Receptor Specificity of Anthrax Toxin [PDF]

mBio, 2012
ABSTRACT The actions of many bacterial toxins depend on their ability to bind to one or more cell-surface receptors. Anthrax toxin acts by a sequence of events that begins when the protective-antigen (PA) moiety of the toxin binds to either one of two cell-surface proteins, ANTXR1 and ANTXR2, and is proteolytically activated. The
Mechaly, Adva, McCluskey, Andrew Jeffrey, Collier, Robert   +2 more
openaire   +5 more sources

Upstream sequence-dependent suppression and AtxA-dependent activation of protective antigens in Bacillus anthracis [PDF]

PeerJ, 2019
The anthrax toxin is a virulence factor produced by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Transcription of anthrax toxin genes is controlled by the transcription factor AtxA. Thus, AtxA is thought to be a key factor for the pathogenicity of B.
Kochi Toyomane, Yoshikazu Furuta, Daisuke Fujikura, Hideaki Higashi   +3 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Discovery of Stable and Selective Antibody Mimetics from Combinatorial Libraries of Polyvalent, Loop-Functionalized Peptoid Nanosheets. [PDF]

, 2019
The ability of antibodies to bind a wide variety of analytes with high specificity and high affinity makes them ideal candidates for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. However, the poor stability and high production cost of antibodies have prompted
Abate, Adam R, Cardiel, Joshua, Chen, Chun-Long, Chen, Yulin, Connolly, Michael D, Dehigaspitiya, Dilani C, Grzincic, Elissa M, Jian, Tengyue, Karbaschi, Mohsen, Kim, Jae Hong, Kim, Samuel C, Kirshenbaum, Kent, Kline, Mark A, Liu, Jianfang, Murray, Daniel J, Ren, Gang, Tresca, Blakely W, Udumula, Venkatareddy, Yun, Lisa, Zuckermann, Ronald N   +19 more
core   +1 more source

Bacillus cereus non-haemolytic enterotoxin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome [PDF]

, 2020
Inflammasomes are important for host defence against pathogens and homeostasis with commensal microbes. Here, we show non-haemolytic enterotoxin (NHE) from the neglected human foodborne pathogen Bacillus cereus is an activator of the NLRP3 inflammasome ...
Atmosukarto, Ines I., Burgio, Gaetan, Feng, Shouya, Fox, Daniel, Fox, Edward M., Hayward, Jenni A., Jessberger, Nadja, Johnson, Matthew D., Kaakoush, Nadeem O., Leppla, Stephen H., Leyton, Denisse L., Liu, Yunqi, Man, Si Ming, Mathur, Anukriti, Märtlbauer, Erwin, Ngo, Chinh, Pandey, Abhimanu, Price, Jason D., Robertson, Avril A. B., Tan, Wei Hong, Tscharke, David C., Xue, Yansong   +21 more
core   +5 more sources

Onset of Anthrax Toxin Pore Formation [PDF]

Biophysical Journal, 2006
Protective antigen (PA) is the anthrax toxin protein recognized by capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2), a transmembrane cellular receptor. Upon activation, seven ligand-receptor units self-assemble into a heptameric ring-like complex that becomes endocytozed by the host cell. A critical step in the subsequent intoxication process is the formation and
Gao, Mu, Schulten, Klaus
openaire   +3 more sources

The Receptors that Mediate the Direct Lethality of Anthrax Toxin

Toxins, 2012
Tumor endothelium marker-8 (TEM8) and capillary morphogenesis protein-2 (CMG2) are the two well-characterized anthrax toxin receptors, each containing a von Willebrand factor A (vWA) domain responsible for anthrax protective antigen (PA) binding ...
Stephen H. Leppla, Benjamin Hoover, Yi Zhang, Shihui Liu   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

Exposure to anthrax toxin alters human leucocyte expression of anthrax toxin receptor 1 [PDF]

Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 2013
Summary Anthrax is a toxin-mediated disease, the lethal effects of which are initiated by the binding of protective antigen (PA) with one of three reported cell surface toxin receptors (ANTXR). Receptor binding has been shown to influence host susceptibility to the toxins.
Ingram RJ, Harris A, Ascough S, Metan G, Doganay M, Ballie L, Williamson ED, Dyson H, Robinson JH, Sriskandan S, Altmann DM   +10 more
openaire   +6 more sources

Toxin-neutralizing antibodies elicited by naturally acquired cutaneous anthrax are elevated following severe disease and appear to target conformational epitopes.

PLoS ONE, 2020
Understanding immune responses to native antigens in response to natural infections can lead to improved approaches to vaccination. This study sought to characterize the humoral immune response to anthrax toxin components, capsule and spore antigens in ...
Eric K Dumas, Hayati Demiraslan, Rebecca J Ingram, Rebecca M Sparks, Emily Muns, Adriana Zamora, Jason Larabee, Lori Garman, Jimmy D Ballard, Geert-Jan Boons, Judith A James, Uner Kayabas, Mehmet Doganay, A Darise Farris   +13 more
doaj   +1 more source

Expression and refolding of the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis: A model for high-throughput screening of antigenic recombinant protein refolding [PDF]

, 2016
Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) is a well known and relevant immunogenicprotein that is the basis for both anthrax vaccines and diagnostic methods. Properly foldedantigenic PA is necessary for these applications.
Cairo, Fabian Martin, Pavan, Esteban E., Pavan, María Elisa, Pettinari, María Julia   +3 more
core   +1 more source