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Future aspects of botulinum neurotoxins
Journal of Neural Transmission, 2007The future of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) development is expected to proceed along two lines: the development of novel indications and the development of novel products. New indications will likely be based on the neuromuscular mode of action of BoNTs, as well as action on primary sensory fibers and other neuronal types.
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Clinical Use of Botulinum Neurotoxins
1995Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is the most potent biologic toxin known to a man (Gill 1982). Its clinical effects have been recognized since the end of the nineteenth century, when van Ermengem (1897) related botulism to a toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic bacterium.
F, Cardoso, J, Jankovic
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Glycosphingolipids—Sweets for botulinum neurotoxin
Glycoconjugate Journal, 2004A number of viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins can only act on cells that express the appropriate glycosphingolipids (GSLs) on the outer surface of their plasma membranes. An example of this dependency is provided by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) which is synthesized by Clostridium botulinum and inhibits neurotransmission at the neuromuscular ...
Brian C, Yowler, Cara-Lynne, Schengrund
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Uptake of Botulinum Neurotoxin in the Intestine
2012Foodborne and intestinal botulism are the most common forms of human botulism; both result from the absorption of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) from the digestive tract into the circulation. BoNT is a large protein toxin (approximately 150 kDa), but it is able to pass through the epithelial barrier in the digestive tract.
Yukako, Fujinaga +2 more
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Pharmacology of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A
American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 2004An historical perspective on the discovery and development of botulinum neurotoxin for commercial use, the differences between various botulinum toxin serotypes and commercially available products, and the structure, mechanism of action, pharmacologic effects, and immunogenicity of botulinum toxin type A are discussed.Botulinum toxin was discovered ...
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Botulinum neurotoxin ในทางการแพทย์ ;Medical appication of Botulinum neurotoxin
มค.-ธค., 2, ไทยไภษัชยนิพนธ์openaire +1 more source
Revue neurologique, 2010
Botulinum toxin is a multi-molecular complex comprised of a neuro-active moiety (i.e. botulinum neurotoxin) and several associated non-toxic proteins. The toxin dissociates rapidly at plasmatic pH, thereby releasing neurotoxin. Nerve terminals only take up the neurotoxin.
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Botulinum toxin is a multi-molecular complex comprised of a neuro-active moiety (i.e. botulinum neurotoxin) and several associated non-toxic proteins. The toxin dissociates rapidly at plasmatic pH, thereby releasing neurotoxin. Nerve terminals only take up the neurotoxin.
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Complications of Botulinum Neurotoxin
Disease-a-Month, 2009Dave W, Lu, Jonathan, Lippitz
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