Results 11 to 20 of about 61,105 (301)

A comparative analysis of pharmacists’ perspectives on codeine use and misuse – a three country survey [PDF]

Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 2018
Background The misuse of codeine is of increasing concern in a number of countries, particularly as this relates to over -the-counter pain and cough relief medication, and is also supplied as a prescription medicine. The study aimed to obtain and analyse
Tara Carney, John Wells, Charles D. H. Parry, Padraig McGuinness, Richard Harris, Marie Claire Van Hout   +5 more
doaj   +3 more sources

L-Arginine abrogates maternal and pre-pubertal codeine exposure-induced impaired spermatogenesis and sperm quality by modulating the levels of mRNA encoding spermatogenic genes

Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2023
IntroductionAlthough, codeine has been demonstrated to lower sperm quality; the effects of maternal and prepubertal codeine exposure on male offspring is yet to be reported.
Roland Eghoghosoa Akhigbe, Roland Eghoghosoa Akhigbe, Oladele A. Afolabi, Ayodeji Folorusho Ajayi   +3 more
doaj   +2 more sources

L-Arginine reverses maternal and pre-pubertal codeine exposure-induced sexual dysfunction via upregulation of androgen receptor gene and NO/cGMP signaling.

PLoS ONE, 2022
BackgroundAlthough codeine has been reported to enhance sexual activity by improving penile reflexes, it has been shown to impair fertility indices. Also, codeine impairs ovarian steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis.
Roland Eghoghosoa Akhigbe, Oladele A Afolabi, Ayodeji F Ajayi   +2 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Should Codeine Still be Considered a WHO Essential Medicine?

Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021
Codeine continues to be widely used as an analgesic, antidiarrhoeal and antitussive agent. Its analgesic effect depends on its biotransformation to morphine, a strong opioid.
Boni Singu, Roger K Verbeeck
doaj   +2 more sources

Testicular toxicity following chronic codeine administration is via oxidative DNA damage and up-regulation of NO/TNF-α and caspase 3 activities.

PLoS ONE, 2020
BackgroundCodeine, a 3-methylmorphine, and other related opioids have been implicated in androgen suppression, although the associated mechanisms remain unclear.AimTherefore, the objective of the current study was to elucidate the in vivo molecular ...
Roland Akhigbe, Ayodeji Ajayi
doaj   +2 more sources

Codeine-induced sperm DNA damage is mediated predominantly by oxidative stress rather than apoptosis

Redox Report, 2020
Background: Opioids have been implicated to induce infertility. Although codeine remains the most used opioid for recreational purpose, no study has documented its effect on sperm quality.
Ayodeji Folorunso Ajayi, Roland Eghoghosoa Akhigbe   +1 more
doaj   +2 more sources

A Review of Analytical Methods for Codeine Determination

Molecules, 2021
Codeine is derived from morphine, an opioid analgesic, and has weaker analgesic and sedative effects than the parent molecule. This weak opioid is commonly used in combination with other drugs for over-the-counter cough relief medication.
Rimadani Pratiwi, Eka Noviana, Rizky Fauziati, Daniel Blascke Carrão, Firas Adinda Gandhi, Mutiara Aini Majid, Febrina Amelia Saputri   +6 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Domestic Abuse of Codeine: A Case Study of Non-Medical Use Leading to Fatal Outcome [PDF]

Toxics
Codeine, an opioid analgesic present in many over-the-counter (OTC) formulations, is frequently misused through non-medical extraction techniques such as cold water extraction (CWE).
Karolina Mrochem, Ewelina Pieprzyca, Gabriela Skalniak, Jakub Obrzut, Julia Cieśla, Elżbieta Chełmecka, Marcin Tomsia, Rafał Skowronek   +7 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Pharmacists’ experience with patients suspected to be addicted to over-the-counter codeine and their attitudes towards potential remediation strategies: a cross-sectional study [PDF]

BMC Psychiatry
Background Croatia is one of the European Union (EU) countries where low-dose codeine products (LDCP) can be purchased over the counter (OTC) directly from community pharmacists without a prescription. The misuse and dependence potential of OTC LDCP have
Željana Margan Koletić, Blaženka Pavličić, Željko Ključević, Ana Soldo, Livia Puljak   +4 more
doaj   +2 more sources

A study of medical professionals’ perspectives on medicines containing codeine in South Africa

South African Journal of Psychiatry, 2018
Background: Misuse of codeine available on prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) has been highlighted as a potential problem in South Africa. Objective: To examine the perceptions of medical professionals regarding codeine use (prescribed and OTC ...
Michelle Foley, Tara Carney, Eileen Rich, Siphokazi Dada, Chrisitne Mburu, Charles Parry   +5 more
doaj   +2 more sources