Results 151 to 160 of about 1,056 (182)

Signs of cyclosarin-induced neurotoxicity and its pharmacological treatment with quaternary pyridinium-oximes reactivators

Toxicology, 2005
Cyclosarin (GF-agent; O-cyclohexylmethylfluorophosphonate) belongs to highly toxic organophosphorus compounds. Potential for exposure to chemical warfare organophosphosphorus nerve agents, such as cyclosarin exists on the battlefield, or in the civilian sector as a threat by a terrorist group, as well as an accident as part of current demilitarization ...
Gabriela, Krejcova-Kunesova, Lucie, Bartosova, Kamil, Kuca   +2 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Bispyridinium Oximes As Antidotal Treatment of Cyclosarin Poisoning—In Vitro and In Vivo Testing

International Journal of Toxicology, 2005
The mechanism of intoxication with organophosphorus compounds, including highly toxic nerve agents and less toxic pesticides, is based on the formation of irreversibly inhibited acetylcholinesterase, which causes cumulation of neuromediator acetylcholine in synaptic clefts and subsequent overstimulation of cholinergic receptors, that is followed by a ...
Lucie, Bartosova, Kamil, Kuca, Daniel, Jun, Gabriela, Kunesova   +3 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Effects of low-level sarin and cyclosarin exposure on white matter integrity in Gulf War Veterans [PDF]

NeuroToxicology, 2015
We previously found evidence of reduced gray and white matter volume in Gulf War (GW) veterans with predicted low-level exposure to sarin (GB) and cyclosarin (GF). Because loss of white matter tissue integrity has been linked to both gray and white matter atrophy, the current study sought to test the hypothesis that GW veterans with predicted GB/GF ...
Linda L Chao, Yu Zhang, Shannon Buckley
exaly   +3 more sources

Effects of low-level sarin and cyclosarin exposure on hippocampal microstructure in Gulf War Veterans

Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 2018
In early March 1991, shortly after the end of the Gulf War (GW), a munitions dump was destroyed at Khamisiyah, Iraq. Later, in 1996, the dump was found to have contained the organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents sarin and cyclosarin. We previously reported evidence of smaller hippocampal volumes in GW veterans with predicted exposure to the Khamisiyah ...
Linda L. Chao, Yu Zhang
openaire   +4 more sources

In vitro reactivation potency of some acetylcholinesterase reactivators against sarin‐ and cyclosarin‐induced inhibitions

Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2005
AbstractIn our study, we have tested six acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivators (pralidoxime, obidoxime, HI‐6, trimedoxime, BI‐6 and Hlö‐7) for reactivation of sarin‐ and cyclosarin‐inhibited AChE using an in vitro reactivation test. We have used rat brain homogenate as the suitable source of enzyme.
Kamil, Kuca, Jiri, Cabal, Daniel, Jun, Jiri, Kassa, Lucie, Bartosová, Gabriela, Kunesová   +5 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Identification of S419 on human serum albumin as a novel biomarker for sarin and cyclosarin exposure

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2020
Rationale Organophosphorus nerve agents are highly toxic because they inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity, thereby causing a series of symptomatic poisoning. Upon entering the body, nerve agents bind active amino acid residues to form phosphonylated adducts.
Feiyan Fu, Haibo Liu, Xiaogang Lu, Ruihua Zhang, Liqin Li, Runli Gao, Jianwei Xie, Hongmei Wang, Chengxin Pei   +8 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Effects of Low-level Inhalation Exposure to Cyclosarin on Learned Behaviors in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2006
Behavioral and biochemical effects of low-level whole-body inhalation exposure to the chemical warfare nerve agent cyclosarin (GF) were evaluated. Sprague-Dawley rats were first trained on a variable-interval, 56-s (VI56) schedule of food reinforcement.
Raymond F, Genovese, Bernard J, Benton, Sara J, Shippee, Edward M, Jakubowski, Jessica C, Bonnell   +4 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Elimination pathways of cyclosarin (GF) mediated by β-cyclodextrin in vitro: Pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic aspects

Toxicology Letters, 2013
Cyclodextrins (CD) are promising small molecular scavengers showing favourable degradation of extremely toxic organophosphorus compounds (OP) such as tabun (GA), soman (GD) or cyclosarin (GF). For β-CD derivatives as potential OP antidotes with low intrinsic toxicity it is of great interest to completely understand the modes of interaction of both ...
Andreas, Kranawetvogl, Jan, Schüler, Susanne, Müller, Horst, Thiermann, Franz, Worek, Georg, Reiter   +5 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Development and application of procedures for the highly sensitive quantification of cyclosarin enantiomers in hemolysed swine blood samples

Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, 2007
The present study was initiated to develop a sensitive method for the analysis of cyclosarin (O-cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate, GF) enantiomers in biological samples utilizing classical configurations of GC-MS and automated solid phase extraction.
Horst Thiermann, Frederic Dorandeu, Franz Worek   +2 more
exaly   +3 more sources

Exploring the Physicochemical Properties of Oxime-Reactivation Therapeutics for Cyclosarin, Sarin, Tabun, and VX Inactivated Acetylcholinesterase

Chemical Research in Toxicology, 2014
The inactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by organophosphorus agent (OP) compounds is a serious problem regardless of how the individual was exposed. The reactivation of OP-inactivated AChE is dependent on the OP conjugate, and commonly a specific oxime is better at reactivating a specific OP conjugate than several diverse OP conjugates.
Emilio Xavier, Esposito, Terry R, Stouch, Troy, Wymore, Jeffry D, Madura   +3 more
openaire   +2 more sources