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Underlying mechanisms of HIV-1 latency
Virus Genes, 2017Similarly to other retroviruses, HIV-1 integrates its genome into the cellular chromosome. Expression of viral genes from the integrated viral DNA could then be regulated by the host genome. If the infected cell suppresses viral gene expression, the virus will undergo latency.
Bizhan Romani, Elham Allahbakhshi
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The multifactorial nature of HIV-1 latency
Trends in Molecular Medicine, 2004HIV-1 can avoid host immune responses and antiretroviral drugs through the latent infection of resting memory CD4(+) T cells. Recently, latent viral genomes have been shown to reside within the introns of active host genes. Therefore, latency is not simply due to an inaccessibility of the integrated proviruses to the transcriptional machinery.
Kara, Lassen +4 more
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Experimental approaches to the study of HIV-1 latency
Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2007Viral latency is a reversibly non-productive state of infection that allows some viruses to evade host immune responses. As a consequence of its tropism for activated CD4(+) T cells, HIV-1 can establish latent infection in resting memory CD4(+) T cells, which are generated when activated CD4(+) T cells return to a quiescent state. Latent HIV-1 persists
Yefei, Han +4 more
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Molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 proviral latency
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2005While great strides have been made in the treatment of HIV infection with highly active antiretroviral therapy, an actual cure remains out of grasp. One confounding factor is the persistence of a small population of infected cells containing transcriptionally silent but reactivatable HIV proviruses.
Dwayne, Bisgrove +3 more
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Humanized Mouse Models of HIV-1 Latency
Current HIV Research, 2011The existence of long-lasting cellular reservoirs of HIV-1 is one of the major hurdles in developing effective anti-retroviral therapies. These latently infected cells and tissues efficiently evade immune responses and remain dormant until activated, upon which they can generate a productive HIV-1 infection.
Duyne, Rachel V +5 more
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HIV-1 Latency Is Maintained by the Estrogen Receptor
Trends in Microbiology, 2018Persistence of the latent reservoir remains a challenge to curing HIV infection. Using shRNA screening, new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying latency regulation indicate that the estrogen receptor is a potent repressor of proviral reactivation and may serve as a promising therapeutic target in combination with other latency-reversing ...
Alexis J, Bick, Janet P, Hapgood
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Reversal of Latency as Part of a Cure for HIV-1
Trends in Microbiology, 2016Here, the use of pharmacological agents to reverse HIV-1 latency will be explored as a therapeutic strategy towards a cure. However, while clinical trials of latency-reversing agents LRAs) have demonstrated their ability to increase production of latent HIV-1, such interventions have not had an effect on the size of the latent HIV-1 reservoir ...
Rasmussen, Thomas Aagaard; id_orcid 0000-0001-5354-2442 +2 more
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Therapeutics for HIV-1 reactivation from latency
Current Opinion in Virology, 2013Intensive combined antiretroviral therapy successfully suppresses HIV-1 replication and AIDS disease progression making infection manageable, but it is unable to eradicate the virus that persists in long-lived, drug-insensitive and immune system-insensitive reservoirs thus asking for life-long treatments with problems of compliance, resistance ...
Marco, Sgarbanti, Angela, Battistini
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Unravelling HIV-1 Latency, One Cell at a Time
Trends in Microbiology, 2017A single virus is capable of infecting and replicating in a single cell. Recent advances across single-cell omics technologies - genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, epitranscriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics - will offer unprecedented opportunities to gain more insights into the various aspects of the life cycle of viruses and their impact on
Kok, Yik Lim +2 more
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Current views on HIV-1 latency, persistence, and cure
Folia Microbiologica, 2016HIV-1 infection cannot be cured as it persists in latently infected cells that are targeted neither by the immune system nor by available therapeutic approaches. Consequently, a lifelong therapy suppressing only the actively replicating virus is necessary.
Zora, Melkova +3 more
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