Results 261 to 270 of about 80,068 (296)
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Sex Differences in the HPA Axis
Comprehensive Physiology, 2014Abstract The hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis is a major component of the systems that respond to stress, by coordinating the neuroendocrine and autonomic responses. Tightly controlled regulation of HPA responses is critical for maintaining mental and physical health, as hyper‐ and hypo‐activity have been linked to disease ...
Nirupa, Goel +4 more
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Endocannabinoid system, stress and HPA axis
European Journal of Pharmacology, 2018The endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is composed of the cannabinoid receptors types 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) for marijuana's psychoactive ingredient ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC), the endogenous ligands (AEA and 2-AG) and the enzymatic systems involved in their biosynthesis and degradation, recently emerged as important modulator of emotional and ...
Micale V., Drago F.
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Neglect, HPA axis reactivity, and development
International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 2019Neglect is a common and frequently chronic form of child maltreatment that can compromise child development and increase the risk of physical and psychological problems. In this review, we discuss one of the potential ways neglect becomes biologically embedded by shaping the development of a key stress responsive system: namely, the hypothalamic ...
Emily B, Reilly, Megan R, Gunnar
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HPA Axis Interactions with Behavioral Systems
Comprehensive Physiology, 2016ABSTRACT Perhaps the most salient behaviors that individuals engage in involve the avoidance of aversive experiences and the pursuit of pleasurable experiences. Engagement in these behaviors is regulated to a significant extent by an individual's hormonal milieu.
Amy E B, Packard +2 more
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Child maltreatment and the developing HPA axis
Hormones and Behavior, 2006The developing HPA axis is under strong social regulation in infancy and early childhood and is vulnerable to perturbation in the absence of sensitive, responsive caregiving. Child maltreatment has complex, long-term influences both on basal cortisol levels and on HPA responsivity to pharmacological and psychological stressors, depending on current ...
Amanda R, Tarullo, Megan R, Gunnar
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Epigenetics/Programming in the
ABSTRACT The hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis provides physiological adaptations to various environmental stimuli in mammals. These stimuli including maternal care, diet, immune challenge, stress, and others have the potential to stably modify or program the functioning of the HPA axis when experienced early in
Jan P, Buschdorf, Michael J, Meaney
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An introduction to the HPA axis
2005Abstract ntegrity of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is essential to survival of vertebrate species. This neuroendocrine axis functions to coordinate neural, endocrine and immune responses to diverse stressful stimuli that threaten homeostasis. The final products of activation of the HPA axis are the glucocorticoids that exert widespread
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Comprehensive Physiology, 2015
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulates circulating levels of glucocorticoid hormones, and is the major neuroendocrine system in mammals that provides a rapid response and defense against stress. Under basal (i.e., unstressed) conditions, glucocorticoids are released with a pronounced circadian rhythm, characterized by peak levels of ...
Spiga, Francesca +3 more
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The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulates circulating levels of glucocorticoid hormones, and is the major neuroendocrine system in mammals that provides a rapid response and defense against stress. Under basal (i.e., unstressed) conditions, glucocorticoids are released with a pronounced circadian rhythm, characterized by peak levels of ...
Spiga, Francesca +3 more
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2002
Glucocorticoids are essential for life. They influencing glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, immune function, electrolyte and fluid homeostasis, development, the central nervous system, and the adrenal medulla. Glucocorticoid secretion is regulated by hormonal interactions among the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal cortex (HPA). The synthesis and
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Glucocorticoids are essential for life. They influencing glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, immune function, electrolyte and fluid homeostasis, development, the central nervous system, and the adrenal medulla. Glucocorticoid secretion is regulated by hormonal interactions among the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal cortex (HPA). The synthesis and
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Physiology and Pathophysiology of the HPA Axis
2010The corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), the main hypothalamic regulator of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion, is mainly synthesized in the parvocellular, but also in the magnocellular neurons, of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). CRH neurons of the PVN receive adrenergic afferent from nucleus tractus solitarius, locus coeruleus, and ...
Margaret Castro +3 more
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