Lethal toxin actions and their consequences [PDF]
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 1999 After entry of infectious anthrax spores into the body, host-specific signals induce spore germination, outgrowth of vegetative bacilli and the expression of lethal toxin and other virulence factors. Anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) is a virulence factor responsible for the major pathologies seen during systemic anthrax infections. Injection of sterile LeTx
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Inflammasome sensor Nlrp1b-dependent resistance to anthrax is mediated by caspase-1, IL-1 signaling and neutrophil recruitment. [PDF]
PLoS Pathogens, 2010 Bacillus anthracis infects hosts as a spore, germinates, and disseminates in its vegetative form. Production of anthrax lethal and edema toxins following bacterial outgrowth results in host death.
Mahtab Moayeri +8 more
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Development of an in Vitro Potency Assay for Anti-anthrax Lethal Toxin Neutralizing Antibodies
Toxins, 2012 Lethal toxin (LT) of Bacillus anthracis reduces the production of a number of inflammatory mediators, including transcription factors, chemokines and cytokines in various human cell lines, leading to down-regulation of the host inflammatory response ...
Sjoerd Rijpkema +2 more
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The VirS/VirR two-component system regulates the anaerobic cytotoxicity, intestinal pathogenicity, and enterotoxemic lethality of Clostridium perfringens type C isolate CN3685. [PDF]
, 2011 Clostridium perfringens vegetative cells cause both histotoxic infections (e.g., gas gangrene) and diseases originating in the intestines (e.g., hemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis or lethal enterotoxemia).
Ma, Menglin +4 more
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Novel role of Ras-GTPase Activating Protein SH3 Domain-Binding Protein G3BP in adhesion and migration of 32D myeloid progenitor cells [PDF]
, 2012 Rho GTPases are involved in homing and mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells due to their impact on cytoskeleton remodeling. We have previously shown that inhibition of Rho, Rac and Cdc42 clearly impairs adhesion of normal and leukemic ...
Aschenbrenner, Frank +8 more
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Anthrax lethal and edema toxins in anthrax pathogenesis [PDF]
Trends in Microbiology, 2014 The pathophysiological effects resulting from many bacterial diseases are caused by exotoxins released by the bacteria. Bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming bacterium, is such a pathogen, causing anthrax through a combination of bacterial infection and toxemia. B.
Stephen H. Leppla +2 more
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Cells, 2021 Inhibition of the RAF-MEK1/2-ERK signaling pathway is an ideal strategy for treating cancers with NRAS or BRAF mutations. However, the development of resistance due to incomplete inhibition of the pathway and activation of compensatory cell proliferation
Soon-Duck Ha +3 more
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Anthrax lethal factor cleaves mouse nlrp1b in both toxin-sensitive and toxin-resistant macrophages. [PDF]
PLoS ONE, 2012 Anthrax lethal factor (LF) is the protease component of anthrax lethal toxin (LT). LT induces pyroptosis in macrophages of certain inbred mouse and rat strains, while macrophages from other inbred strains are resistant to the toxin.
Kristina A Hellmich +8 more
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Assay of Diphtheria Vaccine Potency by Intradermal Challenge Test
Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика, 2023 Relevance. Modern identifying potency (immunogenicity) of diphtheria toxoid tests are based on determining immunized animals resistance for administration challenge toxin or evaluation of protective antibodies level in serum.
E. I. Komarovskaya, О. V. Perelygyna
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Evolutionary adaptation is facilitated by the presence of lethal genotypes [PDF]
Phys. Rev. Research, 6 (2024) 013286, 2023 The adaptation rate in theoretical models of biological evolution increases with the mutation rate but only to a point when mutations into lethal states cause extinction. One would expect that removing such states should be beneficial for evolution.
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