BMC Medicine, 2012 Background Lethal and edema toxins secreted by Bacillus anthracis during anthrax infection were found to incite serious cardiovascular complications.
Kandadi Machender R +3 more
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A viral nanoparticle with dual function as an anthrax antitoxin and vaccine. [PDF]
PLoS Pathogens, 2007 The recent use of Bacillus anthracis as a bioweapon has stimulated the search for novel antitoxins and vaccines that act rapidly and with minimal adverse effects. B.
Darly J Manayani +12 more
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Cellular and systemic effects of anthrax lethal toxin and edema toxin [PDF]
Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 2009 Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) and edema toxin (ET) are the major virulence factors of anthrax and can replicate the lethality and symptoms associated with the disease. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of anthrax toxin effects in animal models and the cytotoxicity (necrosis and apoptosis) induced by LT in different cells.
Mahtab, Moayeri, Stephen H, Leppla
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Toxin-induced resistance in Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin-treated macrophages [PDF]
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2003 In the current study, we show that macrophages adaptively resist anthrax lethal toxin (LT) through a toxin-activated process termed toxin-induced resistance (TIR). TIR was triggered by pretreatment of RAW 264.7 or J774A.1 macrophages with a low dose of LT for at least 6 h, which resulted in resistance to high doses of LT for 96 h.
Isabelle I, Salles +3 more
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Inflammasome sensor Nlrp1b-dependent resistance to anthrax is mediated by caspase-1, IL-1 signaling and neutrophil recruitment. [PDF]
PLoS Pathogens, 2010 Bacillus anthracis infects hosts as a spore, germinates, and disseminates in its vegetative form. Production of anthrax lethal and edema toxins following bacterial outgrowth results in host death.
Mahtab Moayeri +8 more
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The VirS/VirR two-component system regulates the anaerobic cytotoxicity, intestinal pathogenicity, and enterotoxemic lethality of Clostridium perfringens type C isolate CN3685. [PDF]
, 2011 Clostridium perfringens vegetative cells cause both histotoxic infections (e.g., gas gangrene) and diseases originating in the intestines (e.g., hemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis or lethal enterotoxemia).
Ma, Menglin +4 more
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Development of an in Vitro Potency Assay for Anti-anthrax Lethal Toxin Neutralizing Antibodies
Toxins, 2012 Lethal toxin (LT) of Bacillus anthracis reduces the production of a number of inflammatory mediators, including transcription factors, chemokines and cytokines in various human cell lines, leading to down-regulation of the host inflammatory response ...
Sjoerd Rijpkema +2 more
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Novel role of Ras-GTPase Activating Protein SH3 Domain-Binding Protein G3BP in adhesion and migration of 32D myeloid progenitor cells [PDF]
, 2012 Rho GTPases are involved in homing and mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells due to their impact on cytoskeleton remodeling. We have previously shown that inhibition of Rho, Rac and Cdc42 clearly impairs adhesion of normal and leukemic ...
Aschenbrenner, Frank +8 more
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Cells, 2021 Inhibition of the RAF-MEK1/2-ERK signaling pathway is an ideal strategy for treating cancers with NRAS or BRAF mutations. However, the development of resistance due to incomplete inhibition of the pathway and activation of compensatory cell proliferation
Soon-Duck Ha +3 more
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Lethal toxin actions and their consequences [PDF]
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 1999 After entry of infectious anthrax spores into the body, host-specific signals induce spore germination, outgrowth of vegetative bacilli and the expression of lethal toxin and other virulence factors. Anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) is a virulence factor responsible for the major pathologies seen during systemic anthrax infections. Injection of sterile LeTx
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