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Modified Mycotoxins, a Still Unresolved Issue
Chemistry, 2022 Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous microfungi on almost every agricultural commodity worldwide. After the infection of crop plants, mycotoxins are modified by plant enzymes or other fungi and often conjugated to more polar substances, like sugars.
Alberto Angioni +2 more
exaly +4 more sources
Occurrence of Fusarium Mycotoxins and Their Modified Forms in Forage Maize Cultivars [PDF]
Toxins, 2021 Forage maize is often infected by mycotoxin-producing Fusarium fungi during plant growth, which represent a serious health risk to exposed animals. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are among the most important Fusarium mycotoxins, but little is known about the occurrence of their modified forms in forage maize.
Tim Birr +2 more
exaly +7 more sources
Enzymatic Synthesis of Modified Alternaria Mycotoxins Using a Whole-Cell Biotransformation System [PDF]
Toxins, 2020 Reference standards for Alternaria mycotoxins are rarely available, especially the modified mycotoxins alternariol-3-glucoside (AOH-3-G), alternariol-9-glucoside (AOH-9-G), and alternariol monomethylether-3-glucoside (AME-3-G). To obtain these three glucosides as analytical standards for method development and method validation, alternariol and ...
Sophie Scheibenzuber +2 more
exaly +6 more sources
Modified Fusarium Mycotoxins in Cereals and Their Products—Metabolism, Occurrence, and Toxicity: An Updated Review [PDF]
Molecules, 2018 Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites, toxic to humans, animals and plants. Under the influence of various factors, mycotoxins may undergo modifications of their chemical structure. One of the methods of mycotoxin modification is a transformation occurring in plant cells or under the influence of fungal enzymes.
Marcin Bryła +2 more
exaly +5 more sources
Modified Mycotoxins and Multitoxin Contamination of Food and Feed as Major Analytical Challenges. [PDF]
Toxins (Basel), 2023 Mycotoxins, as natural products of molds, are often unavoidable contaminants of food and feed, to which the increasingly evident climate changes contribute a large part. The consequences are more or less severe and range from economic losses to worrying health problems to a fatal outcome.
Nešić K +3 more
europepmc +5 more sources
Proposal of a comprehensive definition of modified and other forms of mycotoxins including “masked” mycotoxins [PDF]
Mycotoxin Research, 2014 As the term "masked mycotoxins" encompasses only conjugated mycotoxins generated by plants and no other possible forms of mycotoxins and their modifications, we hereby propose for all these forms a systematic definition consisting of four hierarchic levels.
Michael Rychlik +2 more
exaly +7 more sources
A critical evaluation of health risk assessment of modified mycotoxins with a special focus on zearalenone. [PDF]
Mycotoxin Res, 2019 A comprehensive definition introducing the term "modified mycotoxins" to encompass all possible forms in which mycotoxins and their modifications can occur was recently proposed and has rapidly gained wide acceptance within the scientific community. It is becoming increasingly evident that exposure to such modified mycotoxins due to their presence in ...
Lorenz N +7 more
europepmc +6 more sources
Metabolism of modified mycotoxins studied through in vitro and in vivo models: An overview [PDF]
Toxicology Letters, 2015 Mycotoxins are toxic, secondary metabolites produced by fungi. They occur in a wide variety of food and feed commodities, and are of major public health concern because they are the most hazardous of all food and feed contaminants in terms of chronic toxicity.
Marthe De Boevre, Sarah De Saeger
exaly +3 more sources
Analysis of 13 Alternaria mycotoxins including modified forms in beer [PDF]
Mycotoxin Research, 2021 AbstractA multi-mycotoxin LC-MS/MS method was developed to quantify 13 free and modifiedAlternariatoxins in different beer types by applying a combination of stable-isotope dilution assays (SIDAs) and matrix-matched calibration. With limits of detection (LODs) between 0.03 µg/L (alternariol monomethyl ether, AME) and 5.48 µg/L (altenuene, ALT), limits ...
Sophie Scheibenzuber +3 more
openaire +4 more sources
Immobilization of mycotoxins on modified nanodiamond substrates [PDF]
Biointerphases, 2011 The effectiveness of modified nanodiamonds (NDs) for the adsorption of mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA), are investigated in this paper. Binding and release mechanisms of the mycotoxins were addressed using an assortment of NDs modified by different surface treatments, including carboxylation, hydrogenation and hydroxylation ...
N M, Gibson +3 more
openaire +2 more sources