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Effects of Synaptic and Myelin Plasticity on Learning in a Network of Kuramoto Phase Oscillators [PDF]
, 2019 Models of learning typically focus on synaptic plasticity. However, learning is the result of both synaptic and myelin plasticity. Specifically, synaptic changes often co-occur and interact with myelin changes, leading to complex dynamic interactions between these processes.
D. Dibenedetto +10 more
arxiv +5 more sources
Current Biology, 2016 Myelin is a key evolutionary acquisition that underlay the development of the large, complex nervous systems of all hinged-jaw vertebrates. By promoting rapid, efficient nerve conduction, myelination also made possible the development of the large body size of these vertebrates.
Salzer, J.L., Zalc, B.
openaire +4 more sources
Is Myelin a Mitochondrion? [PDF]
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 2012 It has been hypothesized that myelin acts like a mitochondrion, generating ATP across the membranes of its sheath. By calculating the proton motive force across the myelin membrane based on known values for the pH and membrane potential of the oligodendrocyte, we find that insufficient energy could be harvested from proton flow across the myelin ...
Julia J. Harris, David Attwell
openaire +3 more sources
The multifaceted role of astrocytes in regulating myelination [PDF]
, 2016 Astrocytes are the major glial cell of the central nervous system (CNS), providing both metabolic and physical support to other neural cells. After injury, astrocytes become reactive and express a continuum of phenotypes which may be supportive or ...
Barnett, Susan C. +3 more
core +6 more sources
Glia, 2017 AbstractMyelinating cells surround axons to accelerate the propagation of action potentials, to support axonal health, and to refine neural circuits. Myelination is metabolically demanding and, consistent with this notion, mTORC1—a signaling hub coordinating cell metabolism—has been implicated as a key signal for myelination.
Gianluca Figlia +2 more
openaire +4 more sources
Overview of myelin, major myelin lipids, and myelin-associated proteins
Frontiers in Chemistry, 2023 Myelin is a modified cell membrane that forms a multilayer sheath around the axon. It retains the main characteristics of biological membranes, such as lipid bilayer, but differs from them in several important respects. In this review, we focus on aspects of myelin composition that are peculiar to this structure and differentiate it from the more ...
Alexander Kister, Ilya Kister
openaire +3 more sources
A space-fractional cable equation for the propagation of action potentials in myelinated neurons [PDF]
Emerging Science Journal, Vol. 4, No. 3: 148-164, 2020, 2020 Myelinated neurons are characterized by the presence of myelin, a multilaminated wrapping around the axons formed by specialized neuroglial cells. Myelin acts as an electrical insulator and therefore, in myelinated neurons, the action potentials do not propagate within the axons but happen only at the nodes of Ranvier which are gaps in the axonal ...
arxiv +1 more source
Journal of Cell Science, 2014 ABSTRACTThe myelin sheath is a plasma membrane extension that is laid down in regularly spaced segments along axons of the nervous system. This process involves extensive changes in oligodendrocyte cell shape and membrane architecture. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we provide a model of how myelin of the central ...
Snaidero, Nicolas, Simons, Mikael
openaire +4 more sources
Myelin lipid metabolism and its role in myelination and myelin maintenance
The Innovation, 2023 Myelin is a specialized cell membrane indispensable for rapid nerve conduction. The high abundance of membrane lipids is one of myelin's salient features that contribute to its unique role as an insulator that electrically isolates nerve fibers across their myelinated surface.
Joseph A. Barnes-Vélez +2 more
openaire +3 more sources
Preliminary Evidence of Increased Hippocampal Myelin Content in Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. [PDF]
, 2015 Recent findings suggest the formation of myelin in the central nervous system by oligodendrocytes is a continuous process that can be modified with experience.
Chao, Linda L +4 more
core +1 more source