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Neurotoxic Reactive Astrocytes Are Induced by Activated Microglia [PDF]

Nature, 2017
Reactive astrocytes are strongly induced by central nervous system (CNS) injury and disease, but their role is poorly understood. Here we show that a subtype of reactive astrocytes, which we termed A1, is induced by classically activated ...
Lucas Schirmer, David Rowitch, Shane A Liddelow   +2 more
exaly   +3 more sources

Protective Role of Reactive Astrocytes in Brain Ischemia

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2008
Reactive astrocytes are thought to protect the penumbra during brain ischemia, but direct evidence has been lacking due to the absence of suitable experimental models.
Andrea C. Pardo, Peter Carmeliet, Mikael Kubista   +2 more
exaly   +2 more sources

Reactive Astrocytes in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Aging and disease, 2019
Astrocytes, the largest and most numerous glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), play a variety of important roles in regulating homeostasis, increasing synaptic plasticity and providing neuroprotection, thus helping to maintain normal brain function.
Song Qin, Kunyu Li
exaly   +3 more sources

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Astrocyte Activation and Reactive Gliosis

Glia, 2005
Abstract Astrocytes become activated (reactive) in response to many CNS pathologies, such as stroke, trauma, growth of a tumor, or neurodegenerative disease. The process of astrocyte activation remains rather enigmatic and results in so‐called “reactive gliosis,” a reaction with specific structural and functional characteristics.
Michael Nilsson, Milos Pekny
exaly   +3 more sources

β-Amyloid activates reactive astrocytes by enhancing glycolysis of astrocytes

Molecular Biology Reports, 2022
The aberrant accumulation of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ), reactive astrocytes and glucose metabolism deficit are typical features in the early Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Previous studies have demonstrated that astrocytes process glucose mainly by glycolysis to generate lactate.
Yuhan Zhang, Xiu Yang, Jingchao Zhuang, Hongquan Zhang, Can Gao   +4 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Aberrant Calcium Signals in Reactive Astrocytes: A Key Process in Neurological Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019
Astrocytes are abundant cells in the brain that regulate multiple aspects of neural tissue homeostasis by providing structural and metabolic support to neurons, maintaining synaptic environments and regulating blood flow.
Schuichi Koizumi, Eiji Shigetomi, Fumikazu Sano   +2 more
exaly   +2 more sources

A molecular switch for neuroprotective astrocyte reactivity

Nature, 2023
The intrinsic mechanisms that regulate neurotoxic versus neuroprotective astrocyte phenotypes and their effects on central nervous system degeneration and repair remain poorly understood. Here we show that injured white matter astrocytes differentiate into two distinct C3-positive and C3-negative reactive populations, previously simplified as ...
Evan G. Cameron, Michael Nahmou, Anna B. Toth, Lyong Heo, Bogdan Tanasa, Roopa Dalal, Wenjun Yan, Pratima Nallagatla, Xin Xia, Sarah Hay, Cara Knasel, Travis L. Stiles, Christopher Douglas, Melissa Atkins, Catalina Sun, Masoumeh Ashouri, Minjuan Bian, Kun-Che Chang, Kristina Russano, Sahil Shah, Mollie B. Woodworth, Joana Galvao, Ramesh V. Nair, Michael S. Kapiloff, Jeffrey L. Goldberg   +24 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Oxidative Histochemistry of Reactive Astrocytes

Archives of Neurology, 1962
In the present report the results of a morphologic histochemical study of oxidative enzymes in reactive astrocytes will be presented. This investigation was undertaken as an effort to determine whether reactive astrocytes show a different pattern of enzymatic activities from normal cells and if so, the duration of such changes.
K A, OSTERBERG, L W, WATTENBERG
openaire   +2 more sources

Nanopatterning effects on astrocyte reactivity

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2012
AbstractAn array of design strategies have been targeted toward minimizing failure of implanted microelectrodes by minimizing the chronic glial scar around the microelectrode under chronic conditions. Current approaches toward inhibiting the initiation of glial scarring range from altering the geometry, roughness, size, shape, and materials of the ...
Evon S, Ereifej, Howard W, Matthew, Golam, Newaz, Ashis, Mukhopadhyay, Gregory, Auner, Ildar, Salakhutdinov, Pamela J, VandeVord   +6 more
openaire   +2 more sources

The Reactive Astrocyte

1981
Publisher Summary This chapter explains astrocytes. Astrocytes are star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. They are the most abundant cells of the human brain and account for 30–65% of all glial cells. They perform many functions, including biochemical support of endothelial cells that form the blood–brain barrier, provision of ...
Edward J.H. Nathaniel, Doris R. Nathaniel   +1 more
openaire   +1 more source