Results 171 to 180 of about 20,554 (213)
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Current Opinion in Immunology, 1995
For the generation of secondary response antibodies, immunoglobulin genes are subjected to hypermutation. Cells expressing antibodies with higher affinity are then selected by antigen. Recent clues to the mechanism of hypermutation come from experiments using transgenic mice enabling analysis of the controlling cis-acting elements and the intrinsic ...
M S, Neuberger, C, Milstein
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For the generation of secondary response antibodies, immunoglobulin genes are subjected to hypermutation. Cells expressing antibodies with higher affinity are then selected by antigen. Recent clues to the mechanism of hypermutation come from experiments using transgenic mice enabling analysis of the controlling cis-acting elements and the intrinsic ...
M S, Neuberger, C, Milstein
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The targeting of somatic hypermutation
Seminars in Immunology, 1996Somatic hypermutation does not occur randomly within immunoglobulin V genes but, rather, is preferentially targeted to certain nucleotide positions (hot spots) and away from others (cold spots). Cold spots often coincide with residues essential for V gene folding.
C J, Jolly +5 more
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Immunoglobulin Somatic Hypermutation
Annual Review of Genetics, 2007The immunoglobulin (Ig) repertoire achieves functional diversification through several somatic alterations of the Ig locus. One of these processes, somatic hypermutation (SHM), deposits point mutations into the variable region of the Ig gene to generate higher-affinity variants.
Grace, Teng, F Nina, Papavasiliou
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Targeting of somatic hypermutation
Nature Reviews Immunology, 2006Somatic hypermutation (SHM) introduces mutations in the variable region of immunoglobulin genes at a rate of approximately 10(-3) mutations per base pair per cell division, which is 10(6)-fold higher than the spontaneous mutation rate in somatic cells. To ensure genomic integrity, SHM needs to be targeted specifically to immunoglobulin genes.
Valerie H, Odegard, David G, Schatz
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The regulation of somatic hypermutation
Current Opinion in Immunology, 2004Somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination cause genetic alterations in immunoglobulin (Ig) genes, which underlie the generation of the secondary antibody repertoire in B lymphocytes. Both processes require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), whose mechanism of action in not yet known in detail, but which mediates the accumulation of
Eva, Besmer +2 more
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The Biochemistry of Somatic Hypermutation
Annual Review of Immunology, 2008Affinity maturation of the humoral response is mediated by somatic hypermutation of the immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and selection of higher-affinity B cell clones. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is the first of a complex series of proteins that introduce these point mutations into variable regions of the Ig genes.
Jonathan U, Peled +6 more
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A role for Mlh3 in somatic hypermutation
DNA Repair, 2006Somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) allow B cells to make high affinity antibodies of various isotypes. Both processes are initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) to generate dG:dU mismatches in the immunoglobulin genes that are resolved differently in SHM and CSR to introduce point mutations and ...
Ziqiang, Li +6 more
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SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES
Annual Review of Immunology, 1996▪ Abstract The relationship between somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation in the mouse is delineated. Recent work on the anatomical and cellular site of this process is surveyed. The molecular characteristics of somatic hypermutation are described in terms of the region mutated and the distinctive patterns of nucleotide changes that are ...
S D, Wagner, M S, Neuberger
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By‐products of immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation
Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer, 2003AbstractThe antigen receptor loci are the only loci in humans to undergo programmed somatic gene modification. Although aberrant V(D)J integration and class switch recombination can both give rise to chromosomal translocations, a role for somatic hypermutation in such genomic rearrangements has been suggested but is less clearly established.
Mats, Bemark, Michael S, Neuberger
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Somatic hypermutation and B‐cell malignancies
The Journal of Pathology, 1999During a follicle centre response, the immunoglobulin genes are subjected to a hypermutation mechanism which introduces predominantly single base changes, non-randomly, into the immunoglobulin V region (IgV) genes. B cells with mutated IgV genes are then selected according to the affinity of the encoded antibody for antigen retained on the follicular ...
Spencer, Jo, Dunn-Walters, Deborah K.
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