Results 21 to 30 of about 13,696 (172)
Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in Bacillus subtilis [PDF]
Toxins, 2019 Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems were originally discovered as plasmid maintenance systems in a multitude of free-living bacteria, but were afterwards found to also be widespread in bacterial chromosomes. TA loci comprise two genes, one coding for a stable toxin whose overexpression kills the cell or causes growth stasis, and the other coding for an ...
Sabine Brantl, Peter Müller
openaire +3 more sources
mBio, 2019 Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are broadly distributed modules whose biological roles remain mostly unknown. The mqsRA system is a noncanonical TA system in which the toxin and antitoxins genes are organized in operon but with the particularity that the ...
Nathan Fraikin +3 more
doaj +1 more source
Bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems [PDF]
Mobile Genetic Elements, 2011 Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are composed of two elements: a toxic protein and an antitoxin which is either an RNA (type I and III) or a protein (type II). Type II systems are abundant in bacterial genomes in which they move via horizontal gene transfer.
Guglielmini, Julien +1 more
openaire +4 more sources
The Bacillus cereus spoIIS programmed cell death system
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2015 Programmed cell death in bacteria is generally associated with two¬ component toxin antitoxin systems. The SpoIIS toxin-antitoxin system, consisting of a membrane bound SpoIISA toxin and a small, cytosolic antitoxin SpoIISB, was originally identified in ...
Jana eMelnicakova +3 more
doaj +1 more source
The vapB-vapC operon of Acidovorax citrulli functions as a bona-fide toxin-antitoxin module
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016 Toxin–antitoxin systems are commonly found on plasmids and chromosomes of bacteria and archaea. These systems appear as biscystronic genes encoding a stable toxin and a labile antitoxin, which protects the cells from the toxin’s activity. Under specific,
Reut eShavit +4 more
doaj +1 more source
Antibiotics, 2023 The VapBC system, which belongs to the type II toxin–antitoxin (TA) system, is the most abundant and widely studied system in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Sung-Min Kang
doaj +1 more source
BMC Genomics, 2006 Background Post-segregational killing systems are present in a large variety of microorganisms. When found on plasmids, they are described as addiction systems that act to maintain the plasmid during the partitioning of the cell.
Mahillon Jacques, Fico Sarah
doaj +1 more source
RNA Regulated Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic Bacteria
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2021 The dynamic host environment presents a significant hurdle that pathogenic bacteria must overcome to survive and cause diseases. Consequently, these organisms have evolved molecular mechanisms to facilitate adaptation to environmental changes within the ...
David D. Sarpong +5 more
doaj +1 more source
Regulation of toxin–antitoxin systems by proteolysis
Plasmid, 2013 Toxin-antitoxin systems are widely distributed among many bacterial species, including human pathogens. Typically, these systems consist of two genes in an operon which encodes a stable toxin disrupting essential cellular processes and a labile antitoxin preventing toxicity.
Iwona, Brzozowska +1 more
openaire +3 more sources
Microorganisms, 2021 Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a pathogen of various plants which transfers its own DNA (T-DNA) to the host plants. It is used for producing genetically modified plants with this ability.
Wonho Choi +9 more
doaj +1 more source