Results 31 to 40 of about 13,696 (172)

Hypothetical Functions of Toxin-Antitoxin Systems [PDF]

Journal of Bacteriology, 2007
Toxin-antitoxin systems are very commonly found both on large, low-copy plasmids, where they increase effective stability ([35][1]), and on bacterial chromosomes, where their function has been the subject of considerable speculation.
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Prevalence of Fst-like toxin–antitoxin systems [PDF]

Microbiology, 2010
Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread in Gram-negative bacteria, and all systems identified to date encode a toxic protein and an unstable antitoxin, which may be in the form of either an antisense RNA (type I) or a second protein (type II). The enterococcal plasmid pAD1-encoded TA system (par), encoding the Fst toxin, was the first type I TA ...
Kwong, Stephen M. (R20881), Jensen, Slade O., Firth, Neville   +2 more
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Dynamics-Based Regulatory Switches of Type II Antitoxins: Insights into New Antimicrobial Discovery

Antibiotics, 2023
Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules are prevalent in prokaryotes and are involved in cell maintenance and survival under harsh environmental conditions, including nutrient deficiency, antibiotic treatment, and human immune responses. Typically, the type
Ki-Young Lee, Bong-Jin Lee
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Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems: Evolution and Revolutions [PDF]

Journal of Bacteriology, 2020
Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic elements composed of a toxic protein and its cognate antitoxin protein, the latter counteracting the toxicity of the former. While TA systems were initially discovered on plasmids, functioning as addiction modules through a phenomenon called postsegregational killing, they were later shown to be ...
Nathan Fraikin, Frédéric Goormaghtigh, Laurence Van Melderen   +2 more
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HigB1 Toxin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Upregulated During Stress and Required to Establish Infection in Guinea Pigs

Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021
The extraordinary expansion of Toxin Antitoxin (TA) modules in the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has received significant attention over the last few decades.
Arun Sharma, Kalpana Sagar, Kalpana Sagar, Neeraj Kumar Chauhan, Balaji Venkataraman, Nidhi Gupta, Tannu Priya Gosain, Nikhil Bhalla, Ramandeep Singh, Amita Gupta, Amita Gupta   +10 more
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The Toxin-Antitoxin System of the Streptococcal Plasmid pSM19035 [PDF]

Journal of Bacteriology, 2005
ABSTRACT pSM19035 of the pathogenic bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes is a low-copy-number plasmid carrying erythromycin resistance, stably maintained in a broad range of gram-positive bacteria. We show here that the ω -ε-ζ operon of this plasmid constitutes a novel proteic plasmid ...
Urszula, Zielenkiewicz, Piotr, Ceglowski
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Charged Amino Acids Contribute to ZorO Toxicity

Toxins, 2022
Chromosomally encoded toxin-antitoxin systems have been increasingly identified and characterized across bacterial species over the past two decades. Overproduction of the toxin gene results in cell growth stasis or death for the producing cell, but co ...
Bikash Bogati, Selene F. H. Shore, Thomas D. Nipper, Oana Stoiculescu, Elizabeth M. Fozo   +4 more
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Multiple Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Mycobacterium tuberculosis [PDF]

Toxins, 2014
The hallmark of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is its ability to persist for a long-term in host granulomas, in a non-replicating and drug-tolerant state, and later awaken to cause disease. To date, the cellular factors and the molecular mechanisms that mediate entry into the persistence phase are poorly understood. Remarkably, M.
Ambre Sala, Patricia Bordes, Pierre Genevaux   +2 more
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Expression, Purification, and Functional Analysis of Novel RelE Operon from X. nematophila

The Scientific World Journal, 2014
Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) complexes induce programmed cell death and also function to relieve cell from stress by various response mechanisms. Escherichia coli RelB-RelE TA complex consists of a RelE toxin functionally counteracted by RelB antitoxin.
Jitendra Singh Rathore, Lalit Kumar Gautam   +1 more
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Toxin–antitoxin systems: reversible toxicity

Current Opinion in Microbiology, 2017
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems encoded on the plasmids and chromosomes of bacteria are emerging as key players in stress adaptation. In particular, they have been implicated in the induction of persisters non-growing cells that can evade antibiotic exposure.
Hall, A, Gollan, B, Helaine, S
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