Results 11 to 20 of about 18,051 (202)
An oxygen-sensitive toxin–antitoxin system [PDF]
Nature Communications, 2016 Classical toxin–antitoxin systems in bacteria are based on silencing of a toxin by an antitoxin that, when inactivated, releases the toxin, resulting in a change in metabolism. Here, the authors characterize an oxygen-sensitive toxin–antitoxin system and
Oriol Marimon +13 more
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Chaperone addiction of toxin–antitoxin systems [PDF]
Nature Communications, 2016 Some bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems consist of a labile antitoxin that inhibits a toxin, and a chaperone that stabilizes the antitoxin. Here, Bordes et al.
Patricia Bordes +8 more
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Toxin-Antitoxin Systems as Multilevel Interaction Systems [PDF]
Toxins, 2014 Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic modules usually composed of a toxin and an antitoxin counteracting the activity of the toxic protein. These systems are widely spread in bacterial and archaeal genomes.
Nathalie Goeders, Laurence Van Melderen
doaj +4 more sources
Mobile Genetic Elements, 2013 Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic elements composed of a toxin gene and its cognate antitoxin. The toxins of all known TA systems are proteins while the antitoxins are either proteins or non-coding RNAs. Based on the molecular nature of the antitoxin and its mode of interaction with the toxin the TA modules are currently grouped into five ...
Brigitte Poppenberger, Wilfried Rozhon
exaly +3 more sources
Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in Bacillus subtilis [PDF]
Toxins, 2019 Toxin−antitoxin (TA) systems were originally discovered as plasmid maintenance systems in a multitude of free-living bacteria, but were afterwards found to also be widespread in bacterial chromosomes.
Sabine Brantl, Peter Müller
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Toxin-Antitoxin Systems as Phage Defense Elements
Annual Review of Microbiology, 2022 Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are ubiquitous genetic elements in bacteria that consist of a growth-inhibiting toxin and its cognate antitoxin. These systems are prevalent in bacterial chromosomes, plasmids, and phage genomes, but individual systems are not highly conserved, even among closely related strains. The biological functions of TA systems have
Michele Leroux, Laub Mt
exaly +3 more sources
RNA Regulated Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic Bacteria [PDF]
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2021 The dynamic host environment presents a significant hurdle that pathogenic bacteria must overcome to survive and cause diseases. Consequently, these organisms have evolved molecular mechanisms to facilitate adaptation to environmental changes within the ...
David D. Sarpong +5 more
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Biology and evolution of bacterial toxin–antitoxin systems
Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2022 Toxin-antitoxin systems are widespread in bacterial genomes. They are usually composed of two elements: a toxin that inhibits an essential cellular process and an antitoxin that counteracts its cognate toxin. In the past decade, a number of new toxin-antitoxin systems have been described, bringing new growth inhibition mechanisms to light as well as ...
Dukas Jurenas +2 more
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Unrelated toxin-antitoxin systems cooperate to induce persistence. [PDF]
Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 2015 Persisters are drug-tolerant bacteria that account for the majority of bacterial infections. They are not mutants, rather, they are slow-growing cells in an otherwise normally growing population.
Fasani, Rick A, Savageau, Michael A
core +6 more sources
Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems: Evolution and Revolutions
Journal of Bacteriology, 2020 Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic elements composed of a toxic protein and its cognate antitoxin protein, the latter counteracting the toxicity of the former. While TA systems were initially discovered on plasmids, functioning as addiction modules through a phenomenon called postsegregational killing, they were later shown to be ...
Nathan Fraikin +2 more
exaly +4 more sources