Results 21 to 30 of about 9,494,692 (194)
Toxin-Antitoxin Systems of Staphylococcus aureus [PDF]
Toxins, 2016 Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic elements found in the majority of prokaryotes. They encode toxin proteins that interfere with vital cellular functions and are counteracted by antitoxins.
Christopher Schuster +4 more
core +6 more sources
Bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems: Translation inhibitors everywhere. [PDF]
Mobile Genetic Elements, 2011 Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are composed of two elements: a toxic protein and an antitoxin which is either an RNA (type I and III) or a protein (type II). Type II systems are abundant in bacterial genomes in which they move via horizontal gene transfer.
Guglielmini, Julien +1 more
core +5 more sources
The vapB-vapC operon of Acidovorax citrulli functions as a bona-fide toxin-antitoxin module [PDF]
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016 Toxin–antitoxin systems are commonly found on plasmids and chromosomes of bacteria and archaea. These systems appear as biscystronic genes encoding a stable toxin and a labile antitoxin, which protects the cells from the toxin’s activity. Under specific,
Reut eShavit +4 more
doaj +2 more sources
Structure, Evolution, and Functions of Bacterial Type III Toxin-Antitoxin Systems [PDF]
Toxins, 2016 Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic modules that encode a toxin (that targets an essential cellular process) and an antitoxin that neutralises or suppresses the deleterious effect of the toxin.
Nathalie Goeders +4 more
doaj +4 more sources
Bacterial Type I Toxin-Antitoxin Systems [PDF]
RNA Biology, 2012 Toxin-antitoxin (TA) loci encode two-component systems that consist of a stable "toxin" whose ectopic overexpression either kills cells or confers growth stasis, and an unstable "antitoxin". TA systems have been initially discovered on plasmids, where they confer stability of maintenance through post-segregational killing (PSK). Plasmid loss results in
exaly +3 more sources
Characterization of HicAB toxin-antitoxin module of Sinorhizobium meliloti
BMC Microbiology, 2019 Background Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are little genetic units generally composed of two genes encoding antitoxin and toxin. These systems are known to be involved in many functions that can lead to growth arrest and cell death.
Manon Thomet +3 more
doaj +2 more sources
Toxin-Antitoxin Systems: Implications for Plant Disease
Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2017 Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are gene modules that are ubiquitous in free-living prokaryotes. Diverse in structure, cellular function, and fitness roles, TA systems are defined by the presence of a toxin gene that suppresses bacterial growth and a toxin-
T. Shidore, L.R. Triplett
core +3 more sources
Molecular and Structural Basis of Cross-Reactivity in M. tuberculosis Toxin–Antitoxin Systems
Toxins, 2020 Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome encodes over 80 toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems. While each toxin interacts with its cognate antitoxin, the abundance of TA systems presents an opportunity for potential non-cognate interactions. TA systems mediate manifold
Himani Tandon +3 more
doaj +2 more sources
Toxin-antitoxin systems in bacterial pathogenesis. [PDF]
Heliyon, 2023 Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) systems are abundant in prokaryotes and play an important role in various biological processes such as plasmid maintenance, phage inhibition, stress response, biofilm formation, and dormant persister cell generation. TA loci are abundant in pathogenic intracellular micro-organisms and help in their adaptation to the harsh host ...
Sonika S, Singh S, Mishra S, Verma S.
europepmc +4 more sources
The Prevalence and Diversity of Marine Toxin-Antitoxin Systems. [PDF]
Mar DrugsToxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, ubiquitous in bacterial and archaeal genomes, play pivotal roles in responding to environmental stresses, forming biofilms, defending against phages, and influencing pathogen virulence. The marine environment harbors Earth’s most diverse and abundant microbial communities, where microorganisms have evolved unique genetic ...
Liu C +5 more
europepmc +4 more sources