Results 11 to 20 of about 416 (114)

Elevated 7-Hydroxymitragynine Levels Found in Products Misbranded as Kratom. [PDF]

J AOAC Int
Abstract Background The leaves of Mitragyna speciosa, commonly called kratom, have been consumed for centuries for their energizing and analgesic properties. Kratom has gained popularity in North America, with an estimated 16 million American consumers.
Brown PN, Chan M, Zhang X, Brendler T.
europepmc   +2 more sources

The Lack of Contribution of 7-Hydroxymitragynine to the Antinociceptive Effects of Mitragynine in Mice: A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study. [PDF]

Drug Metab Dispos, 2022
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a Southeast Asian tree, has been used for centuries in pain relief and mitigation of opium withdrawal symptoms. Mitragynine (MTG), the major kratom alkaloid, is being investigated for its potential to provide analgesia without the deleterious effects associated with typical opioids.
Berthold EC, Kamble SH, Raju KS, Kuntz MA, Senetra AS, Mottinelli M, León F, Restrepo LF, Patel A, Ho NP, Hiranita T, Sharma A, McMahon LR, McCurdy CR.   +13 more
europepmc   +3 more sources

Effects of Itraconazole on Pharmacokinetics of Mitragynine and 7-Hydroxymitragynine in Healthy Volunteers. [PDF]

ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci
CYP3A4-mediated metabolic conversion of mitragynine to 7-hydroxymitragynine (7OH) has been demonstrated in human liver microsomes, and in rodents. Pharmacokinetics (PK) of mitragynine and 7OH in humans is still limited. We aimed to examine the pharmacokinetics of mitragynine and the formation of 7OH in healthy volunteers.
Mongar P, Jaisi A, Inkviya T, Wungsintaweekul J, Wiwattanawongsa K.   +4 more
europepmc   +3 more sources

Pharmacological Comparison of Mitragynine and 7-Hydroxymitragynine: In Vitro Affinity and Efficacy for <i>μ</i>-Opioid Receptor and Opioid-Like Behavioral Effects in Rats. [PDF]

J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2021
Relationships between µ-opioid receptor (MOR) efficacy and effects of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine are not fully established. We assessed in vitro binding affinity and efficacy and discriminative stimulus effects together with antinociception in rats.
Obeng S, Wilkerson JL, León F, Reeves ME, Restrepo LF, Gamez-Jimenez LR, Patel A, Pennington AE, Taylor VA, Ho NP, Braun T, Fortner JD, Crowley ML, Williamson MR, Pallares VLC, Mottinelli M, Lopera-Londoño C, McCurdy CR, McMahon LR, Hiranita T.   +19 more
europepmc   +4 more sources

Assessment of the possible health risks associated with the consumption of botanical preparations of Mitragyna speciosa (kratom)

EFSA Journal, 2022
The current report summarises the work performed in the context of the European Food Risk Assessment Fellowship Programme (EU‐FORA), which included the evaluation of health risks associated with the consumption of botanical preparations of Mitragyna ...
Georgia Papadi, Nadiya Bakhiya, Karen Ildico Hirsch‐Ernst   +2 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Screening, docking, and molecular dynamics analysis of Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) compounds for targeting HER2 in breast cancer [PDF]

Current Research in Structural Biology
Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide, with approximately 2.3 million new cases reported in 2022. In the United States alone, an estimated 310,720 new cases of female breast cancer are expected in 2024.
Nabila Hadiah Akbar, Farendina Suarantika, Taufik Muhammad Fakih, Ariranur Haniffadli, Khoirunnisa Muslimawati, Aditya Maulana Perdana Putra   +5 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Evaluation of the rewarding effects of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine in an intracranial self-stimulation procedure in male and female rats. [PDF]

Drug Alcohol Depend, 2020
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) has been used in Southeast Asia for hundreds of years to increase energy, for relaxation, and to diminish opioid withdrawal. Kratom use has recently spread to Western countries. Kratom could potentially be used for the treatment of opioid withdrawal and pain, but more insight is needed into its abuse potential ...
Behnood-Rod A, Chellian R, Wilson R, Hiranita T, Sharma A, Leon F, McCurdy CR, McMahon LR, Bruijnzeel AW.   +8 more
europepmc   +4 more sources

Alkaloid biosynthesis in medicinal crop kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) varies with postharvest, genetic, and seasonal factors [PDF]

Frontiers in Plant Science
IntroductionKratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a medicinally valuable ethnobotanical tree native to Southeast Asia, has traditionally been used to combat fatigue and enhance productivity.
Mengzi Zhang, Annabella Lyndon, Siva Rama Raju Kanumuri, Abhisheak Sharma, Abhisheak Sharma, Brian J. Pearson, Brian J. Pearson, Christopher R. McCurdy, Christopher R. McCurdy, Jianjun Chen   +9 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Interactive Effects of <i>µ</i>-Opioid and Adrenergic-<i>α</i> ₂ Receptor Agonists in Rats: Pharmacological Investigation of the Primary Kratom Alkaloid Mitragynine and Its Metabolite 7-Hydroxymitragynine. [PDF]

J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2022
The primary kratom alkaloid mitragynine is proposed to act through multiple mechanisms, including actions at µ-opioid receptors (MORs) and adrenergic-α 2 receptors (Aα 2Rs), as well as conversion in vivo to a MOR agonist metabolite (i.e., 7-hydroxymitragynine). Aα 2R and MOR agonists can produce antinociceptive synergism.
Obeng S, Leon F, Patel A, Zuarth Gonzalez JD, Chaves Da Silva L, Restrepo LF, Gamez-Jimenez LR, Ho NP, Guerrero Calvache MP, Pallares VLC, Helmes JA, Shiomitsu SK, Soto PL, McCurdy CR, McMahon LR, Wilkerson JL, Hiranita T.   +16 more
europepmc   +3 more sources

Reported associations between kratom and seizures: a systematic review [PDF]

Frontiers in Pharmacology
Statement of purpose, innovation or hypothesisKratom, derived from the leaves of the plant Mitragyna speciosa, is an herbal supplement that has been used medically and recreationally for centuries, but has recently gained popularity in the United States ...
Toby Turla, Grayson Abele, My Hua, Dennis Paustenbach   +3 more
doaj   +2 more sources