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Brain Organoids, the Path Forward?

Voices in Bioethics
Photo by Maxim Berg on Unsplash INTRODUCTION The brain is one of the most foundational parts of being human, and we are still learning about what makes humans unique.
Ashley Diloreto
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Recent Zika Virus Isolates Induce Premature Differentiation of Neural Progenitors in Human Brain Organoids [PDF]

Cell Stem Cell, 2017
The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic is associated with microcephaly in newborns. Although the connection between ZIKV and neurodevelopmental defects is widely recognized, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.
Callaini, Giuliano, Gabriel, Elke, Gooi, Li Ming, Gopalakrishnan, Jay, Goranci-Buzhala, Gladiola, Gottardo, Marco, Hasu, Essi, Karow, Ulrike, Kroenke, Martin, Krut, Oleg, Kuivanen, Suvi, Natarajan, Karthick, Nikolic, Milos, Papantonis, Argyris, Peters, Franziska, Ramani, Anand, Riparbelli, Maria, Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas, Smura, Teemu, Utermoehlen, Olaf, Vapalahti, Olli   +20 more
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Vascularization of Human Brain Organoids [PDF]

Stem Cells, 2021
Abstract Human brain organoids are three-dimensional tissues that are generated in vitro from pluripotent stem cells and recapitulate the early development of the human brain. Brain organoids consist mainly of neural lineage cells, such as neural stem/precursor cells, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes.
Takeshi K. Matsui, Yuichiro Tsuru, Koichi Hasegawa, Ken-ichiro Kuwako   +3 more
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Human Brain Organoids and Consciousness [PDF]

Neuroethics, 2022
AbstractThis article proposes a methodological schema for engaging in a productive discussion of ethical issues regarding human brain organoids (HBOs), which are three-dimensional cortical neural tissues created using human pluripotent stem cells. Although moral consideration of HBOs significantly involves the possibility that they have consciousness ...
Takuya Niikawa, Yoshiyuki Hayashi, Joshua Shepherd, Tsutomu Sawai   +3 more
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Mechanics of human brain organoids [PDF]

Physical Review E, 2020
Organoids are prototypes of human organs derived from cultured human stem cells. They provide a reliable and accurate experimental model to study the physical mechanisms underlying the early developmental stages of human organs and, in particular, the early morphogenesis of the cortex.
Valentina Balbi, Michel Destrade, Alain Goriely   +2 more
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Activity-induced instabilities of brain organoids [PDF]

The European Physical Journal E, 2021
AbstractWe present an analytical and numerical investigation of the activity-induced hydrodynamic instabilities in model brain organoids. While several mechanisms have been introduced to explain the experimental observation of surface instabilities in brain organoids, the role of activity has been largely overlooked.
Thijssen, Kristian, Kusters, Guido LA, Doostmohammadi, Amin   +2 more
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Getting the right cells

eLife, 2022
Fusing brain organoids with blood vessel organoids leads to the incorporation of non-neural endothelial cells and microglia into the brain organoids.
Bilal Cakir, In-Hyun Park
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The Age of Brain Organoids: Tailoring Cell Identity and Functionality for Normal Brain Development and Disease Modeling

Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2021
Over the past years, brain development has been investigated in rodent models, which were particularly relevant to establish the role of specific genes in this process.
Lisiane O. Porciúncula, Livia Goto-Silva, Pitia F. Ledur, Stevens K. Rehen, Stevens K. Rehen   +4 more
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Genetic Modification of Brain Organoids [PDF]

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 2019
Brain organoids have become increasingly used systems allowing 3D-modeling of human brain development, evolution, and disease. To be able to make full use of these modeling systems, researchers have developed a growing toolkit of genetic modification techniques.
Fischer, J., Heide, M., Huttner, W.
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Opportunities for organoids as new models of aging. [PDF]

, 2018
The biology of aging is challenging to study, particularly in humans. As a result, model organisms are used to approximate the physiological context of aging in humans. However, the best model organisms remain expensive and time-consuming to use.
Antonica, Arora, Astashkina, Auger, Aw, Azpurua, Barbero, Barkauskas, Barkauskas, Barker, Bartfeld, Behjati, Belmin, Ben-Ze’ev, Bhumiratana, Blau, Blokzijl, Brack, Broutier, Busuttil, Caron, Caughey, Cerchiari, Chambers, Chang, Chaudhuri, Choi, Cornacchia, Crabb, Danahay, Dekkers, Dos Santos, Dye, Eiraku, Elahy, Engevik, Freedman, Gao, Garbe, Gjorevski, Greider, Gullapalli, Hannum, Hansen, Hegab, Heintz, Hibiya, Hohwieler, Horvath, Htwe, Huch, Huch, Jennifer L. Hu, Jones, Jung, Karthaus, Kolesky, Koo, Kwong, Lang, Lee, Lee, Levental, Li, Li, Lindahl, Linnemann, Liu, Lozito, Lyons, López-Otín, L’Heureux, Madden, Marciniak, Mark A. LaBarge, Matsui, Mattison, McElwee, Meerwaldt, Mertens, Messner, Michael E. Todhunter, Miller, Moore, Moore, Morizane, Murrow, Myers, Nalapareddy, Nasto, Nelson, Nevalainen, Nguyen-Ngoc, Nicholas, Noguchi, Ootani, O’Brien, Pageon, Pang, Parrinello, Pauli, Phillip, Plaks, Pribluda, Qian, Raja, Rangarajan, Rodriguez-Teja, Ruan, Sancar, Sato, Schütte, Seok, Simian, Singh, Squires, Stampfer, Stearns-Reider, Stojadinovic, Sun, Takasato, Takebe, Tan, Tanos, Toda, Todhunter, Turco, Tzatzalos, van Vliet, Vanhooren, Vernetti, Verzijl, Villadsen, Villeda, Voytik-Harbin, Watson, Williams, Wilson, Workman, Wu, Wylie, Xiang, Yilmaz, Zev J. Gartner, Zhang, Zhang   +145 more
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