Alternative Pathways of Acetylcholine Release in the Colon: Role of High‐Affinity Choline Transporters [PDF]
Neurogastroenterology &Motility, Volume 38, Issue 3, March 2026.Mechanisms of Acetylcholine release, including typical and atypical release under neuronal blockade. Left panel illustrates the classical (quantal) cholinergic transmission and the right panel the mechanism described in the present study. High‐Affinity Choline Transporter (HCT), Acetylcholine (ACh), Acetylcholinesterase (ACE), and Tetrodotoxin (TTX ...
A. Martinez‐Daunis +4 more
wiley +2 more sources
Structural similarities reveal an expansive conotoxin family with a two‐finger toxin fold [PDF]
Protein Science, Volume 34, Issue 11, November 2025.Abstract Venomous animals have evolved a diverse repertoire of toxins with considerable pharmaceutical potential. The rapid evolution of peptide toxins, such as the conotoxins produced by venomous marine cone snails, often complicates efforts to infer their evolutionary relationships based solely on sequence information.
Muhammad Saad Khilji +11 more
wiley +2 more sources
Geographic Variation in Diet and Genetic Connectivity of Populations of the Widespread Predatory Cone Snail Conus miliaris [PDF]
Ecology and Evolution, Volume 15, Issue 11, November 2025.We examined patterns of dietary and genetic variation of a broadly distributed, Indo‐West Pacific cone snail at four sites in French Polynesia and compared them to populations at Guam, American Samoa, and Rapa Nui. Our results indicate that populations at French Polynesia possess broad and overlapping diets that are most similar to those of Rapa Nui ...
Thomas F. Duda Jr +1 more
wiley +2 more sources
In Silico Conotoxin Studies: Progress and Prospects [PDF]
MoleculesCone snails of the genus Conus have evolved to produce structurally distinct and functionally diverse venom peptides for defensive and predatory purposes.
Ruihan Li, Md. Mahadhi Hasan, Dan Wang
doaj +2 more sources
Calcium regulation of muscle spindle mechanosensory afferent function [PDF]
Experimental Physiology, Volume 110, Issue 10, Page 1457-1472, October 1, 2025.Abstract Extracellular calcium is crucial for the normal function of muscle spindle sensory afferents. They express multiple calcium buffering proteins. Extracellular calcium is essential for recycling of synaptic‐like vesicles (SLVs) in the terminals and for the stretch‐evoked inward calcium current of the receptor potential.
Anna Simon +5 more
wiley +2 more sources
A Conceptual Review of Naturally Occurring Toxins and Venoms as Peptide Blockers to Combat Chronic Low Back Pain [PDF]
JOR SPINE, Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2025.This review explores the therapeutic potential of naturally occurring venom‐derived peptides, particularly from reptiles and insects, as novel calcium channel blockers for managing chronic low back pain caused by intervertebral disc degeneration.
James Melrose +4 more
wiley +2 more sources
Isolation and structural identification of a new T1-conotoxin with unique disulfide connectivities derived from Conus bandanus [PDF]
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, 2020 Background: Conopeptides are neuropharmacological peptides derived from the venomous salivary glands of cone snails. Among 29 superfamilies based on conserved signal sequences, T-superfamily conotoxins, which belong to the smallest group, include four ...
Nguyen Bao +3 more
doaj +1 more source
Comparative Venomics of the Cryptic Cone Snail Species Virroconus ebraeus and Virroconus judaeus
Marine Drugs, 2022 The venom duct transcriptomes and proteomes of the cryptic cone snail species Virroconus ebraeus and Virroconus judaeus were obtained and compared.
José Ramón Pardos-Blas +3 more
doaj +1 more source
Toxins, 2022 We isolated a new dimeric conotoxin with inhibitory activity against neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Edman degradation and transcriptomic studies indicate a homodimeric conotoxin composed by two chains of 47 amino acid in length.
Ximena C. Rodriguez-Ruiz +4 more
doaj +1 more source
Proteomic analysis of Red Sea Conus taeniatus venom reveals potential biological applications
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, 2021 Background: Diverse and unique bioactive neurotoxins known as conopeptides or conotoxins are produced by venomous marine cone snails. Currently, these small and stable molecules are of great importance as research tools and platforms for discovering new ...
Maged M. A. Fouda +4 more
doaj +1 more source