Informal Digital Learning of English and willingness to communicate in a second language: self-efficacy beliefs as a mediator
Profiles of media use purpose in informal digital learning of English and their association with vocabulary knowledge
Effectiveness of informal digital learning of English on EFL learners’ vocabulary knowledge: a mixed-methods investigation
Unpacking the role of motivation and enjoyment in AI-mediated informal digital learning of English (AI-IDLE): A mixed-method investigation in the Chinese context
Examining the impacts of learner backgrounds, proficiency level, and the use of digital devices on informal digital learning of English: an explanatory mixed-method study
Contributions of self‐efficacy, L2 grit and digital literacy to informal digital learning of English: A structural equation modelling approach
Toward a model of informal digital learning of English and intercultural competence: a large-scale structural equation modeling approach
Measuring EFL learners’ use of ChatGPT in informal digital learning of English based on the technology acceptance model
Linking EFL students’ psychological needs to engagement in Informal Digital Learning of English: a structural equation modeling analysis
Ecological factors affecting students' use of informal digital learning of English: EFL teachers’ perceptions
