Results 71 to 80 of about 146,748 (304)

Piezo2 Mediates a Vicious Cycle of “Mechanical Homeostasis Imbalance—Inflammation” in Sensory Nerves and the Cartilage Endplate

Advanced Science, EarlyView.
In a lumbar spine instability model, dorsal root ganglion cells mediate the perception of relevant mechanical stresses through Piezo2 and subsequently release CGRP. CGRP activates the NF‐κB signaling pathway in cartilage endplate cells through the receptor RAMP1.
Hanpeng Xu, Wen Geng, Zhi Du, Yifan Du, Di Wu, Bide Tong, Huaizhen Liang, Xingyu Zhou, Zixuan Ou, Junyu Wei, Kun Wang, Yu Song, Wenbin Hua, Yan Xu, Wencan Ke, Bingjin Wang, Cao Yang   +16 more
wiley   +1 more source

A Sweet Talk: The Molecular Systems of Perineuronal Nets in Controlling Neuronal Communication

Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 2017
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are mesh-like structures, composed of a hierarchical assembly of extracellular matrix molecules in the central nervous system (CNS), ensheathing neurons and regulating plasticity.
Heleen M. van 't Spijker, Jessica C. F. Kwok, Jessica C. F. Kwok   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Engineered Living Systems With Self‐Organizing Neural Networks: From Anatomy to Behavior and Gene Expression

Advanced Science, EarlyView.
Ectodermal tissue excised from Xenopus embryos self‐organizes into a three‐dimensional mucociliary organoid. Here, we generate a neural variant, termed neurobot, by implanting neural precursor cells. Neurobots develop mature neurons, adopt distinct morphologies, exhibit more complex motility, and respond differentially to neuroactive compounds. Imaging
Haleh Fotowat, Laurie O'Neill, Léo Pio‐Lopez, Megan M. Sperry, Patrick Erickson, Tiffany Lin, Michael Levin   +6 more
wiley   +1 more source

Local axonal morphology guides the topography of interneuron myelination in mouse and human neocortex

eLife, 2019
GABAergic fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive (PV) interneurons are frequently myelinated in the cerebral cortex. However, the factors governing the topography of cortical interneuron myelination remain incompletely understood.
Jeffrey Stedehouder, Demi Brizee, Johan A Slotman, Maria Pascual-Garcia, Megan L Leyrer, Bibi LJ Bouwen, Clemens MF Dirven, Zhenyu Gao, David M Berson, Adriaan B Houtsmuller, Steven A Kushner   +10 more
doaj   +1 more source

Adult-specific Reelin expression alters striatal neuronal organization: implications for neuropsychiatric disorders

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 2023
In addition to neuronal migration, brain development, and adult plasticity, the extracellular matrix protein Reelin has been extensively implicated in human psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder ...
Mònica Pardo, Mònica Pardo, Sara Gregorio, Sara Gregorio, Enrica Montalban, Lluís Pujadas, Lluís Pujadas, Lluís Pujadas, Lluís Pujadas, Alba Elias-Tersa, Alba Elias-Tersa, Núria Masachs, Núria Masachs, Alba Vílchez-Acosta, Alba Vílchez-Acosta, Annabelle Parent, Carme Auladell, Carme Auladell, Jean-Antoine Girault, Miquel Vila, Miquel Vila, Miquel Vila, Miquel Vila, Miquel Vila, Angus C. Nairn, Yasmina Manso, Yasmina Manso, Eduardo Soriano, Eduardo Soriano   +28 more
doaj   +1 more source

Temporal and Cell‐Specific Regulation of Synaptic Homeostasis by the Chromatin Remodeler Chd1

Advanced Science, EarlyView.
Chd1, the Drosophila homologue of mammalian CHD2 ‐ a gene linked to autism, epilepsy, and intellectual disability, is required for synaptic homeostatic plasticity. Chd1 in glia is necessary for the rapid induction of synaptic homeostasis, whereas Chd1 in motoneurons, muscle, and glia is critical for long‐term maintenance.
Danielle T. Morency, Tao Cui, Yimei Cai, Chloe Lok, Rachel E. Nokku, Ruoxian Huang, Grace L. Chu, Yumeng Xie, Saleem W. Abu‐Tayeh, Kaikai He, Chengjie Qiu, Junyi Wang, Paxton M. Paganelli, Ting Wang, Gabrielle Williams, Sreejith Nair, Huadong Pei, Dion K. Dickman, Stefano Vicini, Tingting Wang   +19 more
wiley   +1 more source

Perineuronal nets control visual input via thalamic recruitment of cortical PV interneurons

eLife, 2018
In the neocortex, critical periods (CPs) of plasticity are closed following the accumulation of perineuronal nets (PNNs) around parvalbumin (PV)-positive inhibitory interneurons. However, how PNNs tune cortical function and plasticity is unknown.
Giulia Faini, Andrea Aguirre, Silvia Landi, Didi Lamers, Tommaso Pizzorusso, Gian Michele Ratto, Charlotte Deleuze, Alberto Bacci   +7 more
doaj   +1 more source

Learning arbitrary functions with spike-timing dependent plasticity learning rule [PDF]

, 2005
A neural network model based on spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STOP) learning rule, where afferent neurons will excite both the target neuron and interneurons that in turn project to the target neuron, is applied to the tasks of learning AND and XOR ...
Munro, PW, Peng, Y
core   +1 more source

The Auditory System of the Dipteran Parasitoid Emblemasoma auditrix (Sarcophagidae) [PDF]

, 2016
Several taxa of insects evolved a tympanate ear at different body positions, whereby the ear is composed of common parts: a scolopidial sense organ, a tracheal air space, and a tympanal membrane. Here, we analyzed the anatomy and physiology of the ear at
Kampschulte, Marian, Lakes-Harlan, Reinhard, Martels, Gunhild, Stumpner, Andreas, Stölting, Heiko, Tron, Nanina   +5 more
core   +1 more source

A Central Somatic Transmission Mediates Proprioceptive Facilitation of Muscle Pain

Advanced Science, EarlyView.
Zhang et al. uncover a novel central mechanism for persistent muscle pain, in which TRPA1 sensitization in MeV proprioceptive neurons enhances somatic secretion. This, in turn, disinhibits descending pain control from neighboring noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons via local GABAergic circuits, thereby promoting inflammatory muscle pain.
Xiaoyu Zhang, Jiale Yang, Xi Wu, Jie Li, Fujian Lu, Yiman Li, Xingyu Du, Rong Huang, Jamila Asgar, Jing Wang, Ke Ren, Feipeng Zhu, Changhe Wang, Yehua Gan, Feng Wei, Zhuan Zhou   +15 more
wiley   +1 more source