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Loop extrusion: theory meets single-molecule experiments
Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 2020Chromosomes are organized as chromatin loops that promote segregation, enhancer-promoter interactions, and other genomic functions. Loops were hypothesized to form by 'loop extrusion,' by which structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes, such as condensin and cohesin, bind to chromatin, reel it in, and extrude it as a loop.
Edward J Banigan, Leonid A Mirny
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Processive extrusion of polypeptide loops by a Hsp100 disaggregase
Nature, 2020The ability to reverse protein aggregation is vital to cells1,2. Hsp100 disaggregases such as ClpB and Hsp104 are proposed to catalyse this reaction by translocating polypeptide loops through their central pore3,4. This model of disaggregation is appealing, as it could explain how polypeptides entangled within aggregates can be extracted and ...
Mario J. Avellaneda +5 more
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Live imaging of DNA loop extrusion
Science, 2018Molecular Biology To spatially organize chromosomes, ring-shaped protein complexes including condensin and cohesin have been hypothesized to extrude DNA loops. Condensin has been shown to exhibit a DNA-translocating motor function, but extrusion has not been observed directly.
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R-loops contribute to chromosome folding by blocking loop extrusion
2021The metazoan genome is folded, at the sub megabase scale, into CTCF-CTCF loops and Topologically Associating Domains (TADs). These structures are crucial for correct gene expression and failure to maintain correct TAD structures can lead to developmental defects and cancers.
Valton, Anne-Laure +4 more
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Loop Systems: A Method of Analyzing their Flexibility in Extrusion and Intrusion
British Journal of Orthodontics, 1977A method of analyzing the flexibility, in the vertical plane, of fixed appliance loop systems is described. An investigation using enlarged loops showed that the box-loop, when considered in isolation, was more flexible during extrusion than during intrusion. The converse was true for the cross-loop.
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Smc5/6 caught in the act of loop extrusion
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, 2023openaire +2 more sources
Cohesin mediates DNA loop extrusion by a “swing and clamp” mechanism
Cell, 2021Iain F Davidson +2 more
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Cohesin mediates DNA loop extrusion and sister chromatid cohesion by distinct mechanisms
Molecular Cell, 2023Kota Nagasaka +2 more
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How DNA loop extrusion mediated by cohesin enables V(D)J recombination
Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 2021Jan-Michaél Peters
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