Results 91 to 100 of about 235,181 (316)

The role of gut microbiota‐derived metabolites in neuroinflammation

Neuroprotection, EarlyView.
Gut microbiota‐derived metabolites accumulate in the brain, activating or inhibiting microglia and astrocytes, which affects neuroinflammatory progression. The gut microbiota converts the diet into a variety of metabolites, including bile acid, trimethylamine N‑oxide (TMAO), and indole.
Lingjie Mu, Yijie Wang
wiley   +1 more source

Activation of Pregnane X Receptor Sensitizes Mice to Hemorrhagic Shock–Induced Liver Injury

Hepatology, 2019
Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is a life‐threatening condition associated with tissue hypoperfusion and often leads to injury of multiple organs including the liver.
Yang Xie, Meishu Xu, M. Deng, Zhigang Li, Pengcheng Wang, Songrong Ren, Yan Guo, Xiaochao Ma, Jie Fan, T. Billiar, W. Xie   +10 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source

Increased accuracy of ligand sensing by receptor diffusion on cell surface [PDF]

Physical Review E 82, 041902 (2010), 2010
The physical limit with which a cell senses external ligand concentration corresponds to the perfect absorber, where all ligand particles are absorbed and overcounting of same ligand particles does not occur. Here we analyze how the lateral diffusion of receptors on the cell membrane affects the accuracy of sensing ligand concentration.
arxiv   +1 more source

Gut Microbiota as a Mediator Between Intestinal Fibrosis and Creeping Fat in Crohn's Disease

United European Gastroenterology Journal, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Intestinal stricture remains one of the most challenging complications in Crohn's disease, and its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota is significantly altered in stenotic intestines and may play a key role in the development of fibrogenesis in Crohn's disease.
Caiguang Liu, Rongchang Li, Jing Nie, Jinshen He, Zihao Lin, Xiaomin Wu, Jinyu Tan, Zishan Liu, Longyuan Zhou, Xiaozhi Li, Zhirong Zeng, Minhu Chen, Shixian Hu, Yijun Zhu, Ren Mao   +14 more
wiley   +1 more source

Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Genes Are Not Induced by the Pregnane X Receptor Activator Rifampin: Studies in Hepatocytes In Vitro and in Monkeys In Vivo

Drug Metabolism And Disposition, 2019
Induction potentials of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) activator rifampin (RIF) on transporter genes [e.g., organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs)] are still in its infancy or remain controversial in the field.
C. Niu, Yujin Wang, Xiaofeng Zhao, S. Tep, E. Murakami, R. Subramanian, Bill Smith, Yurong Lai   +7 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source

Bridging the gap in obesity research: A consensus statement from the European Society for Clinical Investigation

European Journal of Clinical Investigation, EarlyView.
This consensus highlights critical research gaps in obesity epidemiology, phenotypic heterogeneity and clinical management, calling for advanced methodologies, collaborative strategies and innovative policies to mitigate the global obesity epidemic and its socio‐economic impacts.
Federico Carbone, Jean‐Pierre Després, John P. A. Ioannidis, Ian J. Neeland, Gabriella Garruti, Luca Busetto, Luca Liberale, Stefano Ministrini, Gemma Vilahur, Thomas H. Schindler, Maria Paula Macedo, Agostino Di Ciaula, Marcin Krawczyk, Andreas Geier, Gyorgy Baffy, Maria Felicia Faienza, Ilaria Farella, Nicola Santoro, Gema Frühbeck, Patricia Yárnoz‐Esquiroz, Javier Gómez‐Ambrosi, Emma Chávez‐Manzanera, Verónica Vázquez‐Velázquez, Jean‐Michel Oppert, Dimitrios N. Kiortsis, Paolo Sbraccia, Carmine Zoccali, Piero Portincasa, Fabrizio Montecucco   +28 more
wiley   +1 more source

The gut‐microbiota‐brain axis: Focus on gut steroids

Journal of Neuroendocrinology, EarlyView.
Abstract There are over 1000 varieties of steroids that have been reported in nature, including the endogenous sex steroid hormones (i.e., progesterone, testosterone, and 17β‐estradiol) and corticosteroids which are mainly synthesized by gonads and adrenals, respectively.
Silvia Diviccaro, Silvia Giatti, Lucia Cioffi, Gabriela Chrostek, Roberto Cosimo Melcangi   +4 more
wiley   +1 more source

CITCO Directly Binds to and Activates Human Pregnane X Receptor

Molecular Pharmacology, 2019
The xenobiotic receptors pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are activated by structurally diverse chemicals to regulate the expression of target genes, and they have overlapping regulation in terms of ligands and target ...
Wenwei Lin, Monicah N Bwayi, Jing Wu, Yongtao Li, S. Chai, Andrew D. Huber, Taosheng Chen   +6 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source

Synthetic epoxy-pregnan steroids: effects on anxiety behavior in rats [PDF]

, 2016
Neurosteroids like 3α-OH-5α-pregnan-20-one (allopregnanolone) and 3α-OH-5β-pregnan-20-one (pregnanolone) modulate the γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor function and produce several effects that can be considered for therapeutical pruposes like ...
Coirini, Hector, Ghini, Alberto Antonio, Rey, Mariana   +2 more
core   +1 more source

Neuroactive steroid exposure impacts neurodevelopment: Comparison of human and rodent placental contribution

Journal of Neuroendocrinology, EarlyView.
Abstract The placenta is a fetal endocrine organ that secretes many neuroactive factors, including steroids, that play critical roles in brain development. The study of the placenta‐brain axis and the links between placental function and brain development represents an emerging research area dubbed “neuroplacentology.” The placenta drives many ...
Claire‐Marie Vacher, Alex Tsompanidis, Morgan R. Firestein, Anna A. Penn   +3 more
wiley   +1 more source