Results 71 to 80 of about 2,250 (207)

Conotoxin Interactions with α9α10-nAChRs: Is the α9α10-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor an Important Therapeutic Target for Pain Management?

Toxins, 2015
The α9α10-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been implicated in pain and has been proposed to be a novel target for analgesics. However, the evidence to support the involvement of the α9α10-nAChR in pain is conflicted.
Sarasa A. Mohammadi, MacDonald J. Christie   +1 more
doaj   +1 more source

Neurotransmitters and Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Potential Therapeutic Targets

MedComm, Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2025.
Role of neurotransmitters in multiple pathological processes. Various neurotransmitters, including ACh, EPI, NE, 5‐HT, histamine, DA, glutamate, GABA, and neuropeptides participate in regulating key pathological events, including tumor proliferation, tumor migration, remodeling of the immune microenvironment, and the development of NDDs and ...
Gege Li, Fangfang Li, Yang Tang, Siyu Guo, Yihan Yao, Yuan Fang, Bicheng Zhang, Yu Jiang, Jing Wang, Dang Wu, Jianxia Cheng, Zhihui Huang, Zengfeng Xin, Ting Zhang   +13 more
wiley   +1 more source

Crystal Structure of the Monomeric Extracellular Domain of α9 Nicotinic Receptor Subunit in Complex With α-Conotoxin RgIA: Molecular Dynamics Insights Into RgIA Binding to α9α10 Nicotinic Receptors

Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2019
The α9 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) exists mainly in heteropentameric assemblies with α10. Accumulating data indicate the presence of three different binding sites in α9α10 nAChRs: the α9(+)/α9(−), the α9(+)/α10(−), and the α10(+)
Marios Zouridakis, Athanasios Papakyriakou, Igor A. Ivanov, Igor E. Kasheverov, Igor E. Kasheverov, Victor Tsetlin, Victor Tsetlin, Socrates Tzartos, Socrates Tzartos, Petros Giastas   +9 more
doaj   +1 more source

Unravelling the allosteric binding mode of αD-VxXXB at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors [PDF]

, 2023
αD-conotoxins are 11 kDa homodimers that potently inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) through a non-competitive (allosteric) mechanism. In this study, we describe the allosteric binding mode of the granulin-like C-terminal (CTD) of VxXXB ...
Nikita Abraham, Richard J. Lewis, Thao NT Ho   +2 more
core   +1 more source

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2025/26: Ion channels

British Journal of Pharmacology, Volume 182, Issue S1, Page S152-S241, December 2025.
The Concise Guide to Pharmacology 2025/26 marks the seventh edition in this series of biennial publications in the British Journal of Pharmacology. Presented in landscape format, the guide provides a comparative overview of the pharmacology of drug target families. The concise nature of the Concise Guide refers to the style of presentation, being clear,
Stephen P. H. Alexander, Jörg Striessnig, Alasdair J. Gibb, Alistair A. Mathie, Emma L. Veale, Eamonn Kelly, Chloe J. Peach, Jane F. Armstrong, Elena Faccenda, Simon D. Harding, Christopher Southan, Jamie A. Davies, Richard W. Aldrich, Bernard Attali, Austin M. Baggetta, Elvir Becirovic, David J. Beech, Martin Biel, Roslyn M. Bill, Ana I. Caceres, William A. Catterall, Han Chow Chua, Alex C. Conner, Henry Danahay, Paul Davies, Katrien De Clerq, Markus Delling, Francesco Di Virgilio, Simonetta Falzoni, Wei Fang, Stefanie Fenske, Anna Fortuny‐Gomez, Samuel Fountain, George K. Chandy, Mohammad‐Reza Ghovanloo, Steve A. N. Goldstein, Martin Gosling, Christian Grimm, Stephan Grissmer, Kotdaji Ha, Tim G. Hales, Verena Hammelmann, Israel Hanukoglu, Meiqin Hu, Ad P. Ijzerman, Sairam V. Jabba, Mike Jarvis, Anders A. Jensen, Sven E. Jordt, Leonard K. Kaczmarek, Stephan Kellenberger, Charles Kennedy, Brian King, Philip Kitchen, Qiang Liu, Joseph W. Lynch, Rian W. Manville, Jessica Meades, Verena Mehlfeld, Annette Nicke, Stefan Offermanns, Edward Pérez‐Reyes, Leigh D. Plant, Stephan A. Pless, Lachlan D. Rash, Dejian Ren, Hussein N. Rubaiy, Mootaz M. Salman, Werner Sieghart, Lucia G. Sivilotti, Trevor G. Smart, Terrance P. Snutch, Paolo Tammaro, Jinbin Tian, James S. Trimmer, Charlotte Van den Eynde, Paola Vergani, Joris Vriens, Stephen G. Waxman, Aguan D. Wei, Brenda T. Winn, Heike Wulff, Haoxing Xu, Fan Yang, Lixia Yue, Xiaoli Zhang, Michael Zhu   +86 more
wiley   +1 more source

Venomics as a Drug Discovery Platform: Identifying Conopeptides with Pharmacological Activity [PDF]

, 2020
Cone snail venom is a mixture of disulfide-constrained peptides (conotoxins), hormone-like peptides, and proteins that have been ‘weaponized’ for predation and defense.
Grandal, Meghan Kathleen
core   +1 more source

A novel lid-covering peptide inhibitor of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors derived from αd-conotoxin GeXXA [PDF]

, 2017
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play a fundamental role in nervous signal transmission, therefore various antagonists and agonists are highly desired to explore the structure and function of nAChRs. Recently, a novel dimeric αD-conotoxin GeXXA
Adams, David J., Fan, Zhou, Shao, Xiaoxia, Tae, Han Shen, Wang, Chunguang, Xu, Shaoqiong, Yang, Longjin, Zhao, Suwen   +7 more
core   +2 more sources

Nicotinic Receptors in the Medial Habenula to Interpeduncular Nucleus Pathway: Modulators of Reward, Aversion and Emotion

European Journal of Neuroscience, Volume 62, Issue 11, December 2025.
ABSTRACT The medial habenula–interpeduncular nucleus pathway is a highly conserved and densely innervated brain circuit known for its unique cholinergic transmission and exceptional expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This pathway plays a critical role in regulating motivational and emotional processes, particularly those related to ...
Maria Ciscato, Mathilde Chouvaeff, Alexandre Mourot   +2 more
wiley   +1 more source

α-Conotoxin Decontamination Protocol Evaluation: What Works and What Doesn’t

Toxins, 2017
Nine publically available biosafety protocols for safely handling conotoxin peptides were tested to evaluate their decontamination efficacy. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) were used to assess the effect of each chemical ...
Matthew W. Turner, John R. Cort, Owen M. McDougal   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Diversity and Novelty of Venom Peptides in Vermivorous Cone Snails, Subgenus <i>Rhizoconus</i> (Gastropoda: Mollusca). [PDF]

Mar Drugs
A large majority of cone snails (a species in the genus Conus) are vermivorous (worm-hunting), but the diversity and bioactivity of their venom peptides remain largely unexplored.
Florece CMC, Kaas Q, Barghi N, Lluisma AO.   +3 more
europepmc   +3 more sources