T follicular helper and T follicular regulatory cells have different TCR specificity [PDF]
Nature Communications, 2017 T follicular helper and regulatory cells are generated in the germinal centre; however, whether antigen specificity defines their differential functions is unclear.
Ana Raquel Maceiras +9 more
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T follicular helper cells and T follicular regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases
Frontiers in Immunology, 2023 T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are heterogeneous and mainly characterized by expressing surface markers CXCR5, ICOS, and PD-1; cytokine IL-21; and transcription factor Bcl6.
Jingjing Qi +4 more
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Follicular Regulatory T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [PDF]
Journal of Immunology Research, 2021 Follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells are the regulatory T cell subset mainly localized in the germinal center (GC), acting as modulators of GC responses.
Xin Xia, Jun Yang, Shengjun Wang
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Interleukin-1 in the Response of Follicular Helper and Follicular Regulatory T Cells [PDF]
Frontiers in Immunology, 2019 The role of interleukin-1 in the regulation of humoral responses is poorly documented, in contrast to its role in inflammation. Recent findings suggest there is an interleukin-1 axis in the follicular T cell control of B cell responses, involving ...
Paul-Gydéon Ritvo +2 more
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Are Follicular Regulatory T Cells Involved in Autoimmune Diseases? [PDF]
Frontiers in Immunology, 2017 In the germinal center (GC), follicular helper T (TFH) cells interact with B cells and undergo a series of GC reactions to ultimately produce high-affinity antibodies and memory plasma cells.
Yonglu Gong +4 more
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Follicular regulatory T cells eliminate HIV-1-infected follicular helper T cells in an IL-2 concentration dependent manner [PDF]
Frontiers in Immunology, 2022 Follicular helper CD4+ T cells (TFH) are highly permissive to HIV and major foci of virus expression in both untreated and treated infection. Follicular regulatory CD4+ T cells (TFR) limit TFH numbers and function in vitro and in vivo.
Matthew T. Ollerton +7 more
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Immunological dysregulation of follicular helper T cells, follicular regulatory T cells, and follicular cytotoxic T cells is associated with disease activity and identifies exploratory immune patterns in rheumatoid arthritis [PDF]
Frontiers in ImmunologyBackgroundThe onset and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are linked to autoantibody production driven by dysregulated germinal center (GC) responses. Follicular helper T cells (Tfh), follicular regulatory T cells (Tfr), and follicular cytotoxic T
Yuxin Fan +21 more
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CD137 agonists in mice suppress germinal center responses by increasing the immunosuppressive activity of follicular regulatory T-cells [PDF]
The EMBO JournalHumoral immune responses rely on germinal center (GC) reactions to generate long-lasting antibody responses with affinity maturation. CD137 (4-1BB) agonists are known to exert inhibitory effects on B-cell responses; however, the underlying mechanisms ...
Ana Martínez-Riaño +14 more
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Follicular regulatory T cells: a novel target for immunotherapy? [PDF]
Clinical & Translational Immunology, 2020 High‐affinity antibodies are produced during multiple processes in germinal centres (GCs), where follicular helper T (Tfh) cells interact closely with B cells to support B‐cell survival, differentiation and proliferation.
Yao Huang +9 more
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Unexpected Help: Follicular Regulatory T Cells in the Germinal Center [PDF]
Frontiers in Immunology, 2018 Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are necessary for germinal center (GC) formation and within the GC, provide key signals to B cells for their differentiation into plasmablasts and plasma cells that secrete high-affinity and isotype-switched antibody (Ab).
Markus M. Xie, Alexander L. Dent
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