Results 31 to 40 of about 2,942 (230)

Metabolites of Mitragynine

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1974
Microbial transformation of the alkaloid mitragynine by the fungus Helminthosporum sp. has elaborated two major metabolites. The compounds were isolated from the biological milieu and their structures were elucidated as mitragynine pseudoindoxyl and hydroxy mitragynine pseudoindoxyl.
J E, Zarembo, B, Douglas, J, Valenta, J A, Weisbach   +3 more
  +6 more sources

The respiratory depressant effects of mitragynine are limited by its conversion to 7‐OH mitragynine

British Journal of Pharmacology, 2022
Background and PurposeMitragynine, the major alkaloid in Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), is a partial agonist at the μ opioid receptor. CYP3A‐dependent oxidation of mitragynine yields the metabolite 7‐OH mitragynine, a more efficacious μ receptor agonist.
Rob Hill, Andrew C. Kruegel, Jonathan A. Javitch, J. Robert Lane, Meritxell Canals   +4 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Assessment of the potential of novel and classical opioids to induce respiratory depression in mice

British Journal of Pharmacology, Volume 180, Issue 24, Page 3160-3174, December 2023., 2023
Abstract Background and Purpose Opioid‐induced respiratory depression limits the use of μ‐opioid receptor agonists in clinical settings and is the main cause of opioid overdose fatalities. The relative potential of different opioid agonists to induce respiratory depression at doses exceeding those producing analgesia is understudied despite its ...
Rob Hill, Julie Sanchez, Laura Lemel, Mirjana Antonijevic, Yselkla Hosking, Shailesh N. Mistry, Andrew C. Kruegel, Jonathan A. Javitch, J. Robert Lane, Meritxell Canals   +9 more
wiley   +1 more source

In vitro skin permeation of mitragynine: Optimisation of antioxidants for enhanced drug stability and formulation performance. [PDF]

Drug Deliv Transl Res
The opioid-like characteristics of mitragynine with biased μ-opioid receptor activation are attractive for pain and addiction therapy due to less addictive issue.
Sim YS, Azizi J, Chear NJ, Yusof SR, Murugaiyah V, Teh SY, Goh CF.   +6 more
europepmc   +2 more sources

Biosynthesis of kratom opioids

New Phytologist, Volume 240, Issue 2, Page 757-769, October 2023., 2023
Summary Mitragynine, an analgesic alkaloid from the plant Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), offers a safer alternative to clinical opioids such as morphine, owing to its more favorable side effect profile. Although kratom has been traditionally used for stimulation and pain management in Southeast Asia, the mitragynine biosynthesis pathway has remained ...
Kyunghee Kim, Mohammadamin Shahsavarani, Jorge Jonathan Oswaldo Garza‐García, Jack Edward Carlisle, Jun Guo, Vincenzo De Luca, Yang Qu   +6 more
wiley   +1 more source

Kratom Consumption can be Addictive and have Adverse Health Effects [PDF]

Novelty in Clinical Medicine, 2022
Kratom, also known as herbal speed, is the powdered leaves of the Asian kratom tree (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.). The consumption of kratom powder or kratom tea for diarrhea, inflammation, fever, and pain, but also for anxiety and depression is based on ...
Martin Hofmeister
doaj   +1 more source

Kratom (Mitragynine) Ingestion Requiring Naloxone Reversal [PDF]

Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, 2019
Kratom (mitragynine) is a naturally occurring opioid agonist whose use has been escalating. Its suppliers advertise it as a safe alternative for opioids and a safe treatment for opioid-withdrawal symptoms. There has been controversy in the past two years regarding the legal status and lack of regulation surrounding kratom.
Overbeek, Daniel L., Abraham, Jonathan, Munzer, Brendan W.   +2 more
openaire   +5 more sources

Comparative Toxicity Assessment of Kratom Decoction, Mitragynine and Speciociliatine Versus Morphine on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos

Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2021
Background: Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth), a popular opioid-like plant holds its therapeutic potential in pain management and opioid dependence. However, there are growing concerns about the safety or potential toxicity risk of kratom after prolonged
Thenmoly Damodaran, Nelson Jeng-Yeou Chear, Vikneswaran Murugaiyah, Mohd Nizam Mordi, Surash Ramanathan   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source

Clinical Assessment of the Drug Interaction Potential of the Psychotropic Natural Product Kratom

Clinical Pharmacology &Therapeutics, Volume 113, Issue 6, Page 1315-1325, June 2023., 2023
Oral formulations prepared from the leaves of the kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) plant are increasingly used for their opioid‐like effects to self‐manage opioid withdrawal and pain. Calls to US poison centers involving kratom exposures increased >50‐fold from 2011–2017, one‐third of which reported concomitant use of kratom with drugs of abuse.
Rakshit S. Tanna, James T. Nguyen, Deena L. Hadi, Matthew E. Layton, John R. White, Nadja B. Cech, Nicholas H. Oberlies, Allan E. Rettie, Kenneth E. Thummel, Mary F. Paine   +9 more
wiley   +1 more source

7‑hydroxymitragynine is an active metabolite of mitragynine and a key mediator of its analgesic effects [PDF]

, 2019
Mitragynina speciosa, more commonly known as kratom, is a plant native to Southeast Asia, the leaves of which have been used traditionally as a stimulant, analgesic, and treatment for opioid addiction.
Ansonoff, Michael, Gassaway, Madalee M., Grinnell, Steven G., Javitch, Jonathan A., Kruegel, Andrew C., Langreck, Cory, Le Rouzic, Valerie, Majumdar, Susruta, Pasternak, Gavril W., Pekarskaya, Elizabeth A., Pintar, John E., Sames, Dalibor, Uprety, Rajendra   +12 more
core   +3 more sources