Results 81 to 90 of about 28,974 (217)
MedComm, Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2025.Reactive astrocytes release various molecules, which play a role in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. (1) Gliotransmitters, such as glutamate, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), ATP, and D‐serine, are secreted by vesicular exocytosis. In addition, astrocytes can also release ATP and glutamate through (2) P2X7Rs, (3) connexin‐43 (Cx43 ...
Peter Illes +4 more
wiley +1 more source
5-Hydroxytryptamine, Glutamate, and ATP: Much More Than Neurotransmitters
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 2021 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is derived from the essential amino acid L-tryptophan. Although the compound has been studied extensively for its neuronal handling and synaptic actions, serotonin 5-HT receptors can be found extra-synaptically and not only in ...
Rafael Franco +9 more
doaj +1 more source
Activity-dependent release of Adenosine: a critical re-evaluation of mechanism [PDF]
, 2008 Adenosine is perhaps the most important and universal modulator in the brain. The current consensus is that it is primarily produced in the extracellular space from the breakdown of previously released ATP.
Dale, Nicholas, Wall, Mark J.
core +2 more sources
Harnessing nucleotide metabolism and immunity in cancer: a tumour microenvironment perspective
The FEBS Journal, Volume 292, Issue 9, Page 2155-2172, May 2025.This review explores how changes in nucleotide metabolism affect the tumour microenvironment and immune responses in cancer. Here, we discuss the dual role of nucleotide metabolism in promoting cancer cell growth and shaping immune suppression. We highlight how therapies targeting nucleotide pathways can enhance immunotherapy efficacy, offering new ...
Hadil Suleiman +5 more
wiley +1 more source
Functions of Purinergic Receptors [PDF]
, 2019 Purinergic receptors, also known as purinoceptors, are a family of plasma membrane molecules found in many mammalian tissues. Purinergic receptors are transmembrane receptors consisting of two main categories.
Sarikaya, Eren
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Extracellular ATP: an emerging multifaceted regulator of plant fitness
Plant Biotechnology Journal, Volume 23, Issue 5, Page 1771-1782, May 2025.Summary Adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of living organisms and the primary form of organic phosphate (Po) involved in cellular metabolism. In plants, some ATP is released into the extracellular matrix (ECM) in response to various stimuli, where it functions as extracellular ATP (eATP), a key signalling molecule.
De Peng Yuan, Daewon Kim, Yuan Hu Xuan
wiley +1 more source
Isolation and characterization of Pisum sativum apyrases, PsNTP9 and PsNTP9-DM, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli [PDF]
, 2019 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is widely known as a fuel source for many biochemical processes, and to a lesser degree also as a signaling molecule in plants and animals.
Wallen, Michael Andrew, Jr
core +1 more source
Advanced Biology, Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2025.By systematizing a large body of evidence and propose a cascade relationship between protein homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and pro‐fibrotic factor, providing a theoretical basis for ATII cells dysfunction as a possible pathophysiological initiating event for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Zhaoxiong Dong +6 more
wiley +1 more source
New insights into purinergic receptor signaling in neuronal differentiation, neuroprotection, and brain disorders [PDF]
, 2007 Ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y purinergic receptors are expressed in the central nervous system and participate in the synaptic process particularly associated with acetylcholine, GABA, and glutamate neurotransmission. As a result of activation, the
Britto, Luiz R.G. +7 more
core +3 more sources
Metabolic Dialogue Shapes Immune Response in the Tumor Microenvironment
European Journal of Immunology, Volume 55, Issue 4, April 2025.Metabolic antagonism in the TME suppresses CD8+ T cell function by depleting essential nutrients and generating toxic byproducts. Metabolic symbiosis between tumor cells and TAMs fosters an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Disrupting metabolic interactions can overcome immune suppression, boost antitumor immunity, and enhance immunotherapy efficacy.
Fengxia Gao +3 more
wiley +1 more source