Molecular Mechanisms of Skatole-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells: Implications for Colorectal Cancer and Inflammatory Bowel Disease [PDF]
CellsInflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in intestinal epithelial cells significantly contribute to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC).
Katsunori Ishii +5 more
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Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Skatole Exert Opposing Effects on MDR1 Proteostasis in Human Colonic Epithelial Cells: A Molecular Basis for the Gut Microbial Metabolic Switch [PDF]
Journal of XenobioticsThe escalating consumption of red meat is a potent environmental risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is characterized by compromised expression of the xenobiotic transporter P-glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1). While gut microbiota metabolize
Kazuma Naito +3 more
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In Vitro Assessment of the Effectiveness of Mineral Adsorbents in Sequestering Boar Taint Compounds [PDF]
AnimalsThe utility of four mineral adsorbents as potential feed additives to bind the boar taint compounds, androstenone and skatole, was assessed with an in vitro system.
Sanghyuk Park, James Squires
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Enzymatic Basis for the Oxidative Branch of Aromatic Amino Acid Fermentation Leading to p‐cresol Formation [PDF]
Advanced Science, Volume 13, Issue 34, 19 June 2026.In anaerobic bacteria, tyrosine serves as an electron donor in the oxidative Stickland fermentation branch, generating p‐hydroxyphenylacetate, ATP and reduced ferredoxin for decarboxylation into p‐cresol. ABSTRACT The phenolic metabolite p‐cresol is a byproduct of tyrosine fermentation by certain strictly anaerobic bacteria, including the human gut ...
Li Jiang +15 more
wiley +2 more sources
Hepatic Gene Expression and Metabolite Profiles of Androstenone and Skatole Relative to Plasma Estrone Sulfate Levels in Boars [PDF]
BiomoleculesTesticular steroids can alter the activity and expression of enzymes within the liver and may influence the metabolism of skatole and androstenone, which are responsible for boar taint.
Christine Bone, E. James Squires
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Skatole (3-Methylindole) Is a Partial Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonist and Induces CYP1A1/2 and CYP1B1 Expression in Primary Human Hepatocytes. [PDF]
PLoS ONE, 2016 Skatole (3-methylindole) is a product of bacterial fermentation of tryptophan in the intestine. A significant amount of skatole can also be inhaled during cigarette smoking.
Martin Krøyer Rasmussen +4 more
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Animals, 2021 To reduce the risk of boar taint, intact male piglets are immuno- or surgically castrated. One alternative is reducing skatole by adding skatole reducing or adsorbing substances to the boars’ diet.
Franziska Witte +6 more
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Screening of skatole-degrading bacteria and control of human fecal odor by compound bacteria
Annals of Microbiology, 2023 Purpose The biodegradation of skatole was used as a starting point in this study, and existing strains of degrading NH3 and H2S in the laboratory were combined to create a composite deodorant.
Jiangyu Ye, Qian Fu
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The use of sugar beet pulp in pig diet to control skatole analysed by HPLC quantification method [PDF]
Scientia Agricola, 2023 This study aimed to determine the efficacy of a finishing diet added with sugar beet pulp to reduce backfat skatole of entire male pigs, using the optimised high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method.
Ricardo Pereira Pinto +5 more
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Identification of the novel candidate genes and variants in boar liver tissues with divergent skatole levels using RNA deep sequencing. [PDF]
PLoS ONE, 2013 Boar taint is the unpleasant odour of meat derived from non-castrated male pigs, caused by the accumulation of androstenone and skatole in fat. Skatole is a tryptophan metabolite produced by intestinal bacteria in gut and catabolised in liver. Since boar
Asep Gunawan +12 more
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