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Exploring shark VNAR antibody against infectious diseases using phage display technology
Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 2023Antibody with high affinity and specificity to antigen has widely used as a tool to combat various diseases. The variable domain of immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (VNAR) naturally found in shark contains autonomous function as single-domain antibody.
Chiuan Yee Leow +2 more
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Neutralizing Ability of a Single Domain VNAR Antibody: In Vitro Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern [PDF]
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Preparation of Immune and Synthetic VNAR Libraries as Sources of High-Affinity Binders
2022The shark-derived autonomous variable antibody domains known as VNARs are attractive tools for therapeutic and diagnostic applications due to their favorable properties like small size (approximately 12 kDa), high thermal and chemical stability, and good tissue penetration.
Jahaziel, Gasperin-Bulbarela +3 more
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Construction of Semisynthetic Shark vNAR Yeast Surface Display Antibody Libraries
2023The adaptive immune system of sharks comprises a unique heavy chain-only antibody isotype, termed immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (IgNAR), in which antigen binding is mediated by a single variable domain, referred to as vNAR. In recent years, efforts were made to harness these domains for biomedical and biotechnological applications particularly ...
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Cytoplasmic and periplasmic expression of recombinant shark VNAR antibody in Escherichia coli
Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2019Shark variable new antigen receptors (VNARs) are known to possess excellent heat-stability, and the long complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) has permitted it to penetrate into the cleft region of antigens. The number of cysteine (Cys) residues contained within VNAR is greater than in conventional antibodies, entailing disulfide bond formation ...
Herng C. Leow +5 more
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Overview and Discovery of IgNARs and Generation of VNARs
2012Immunoglobulin new antigen receptors (IgNARs) from sharks are a distinct class of immune receptors, consisting of homodimers with no associated light chains. Antigen binding is encapsulated within single VNAR immunoglobulin domains of 13-14 kDa in size.
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Generation of VNAR Libraries from Immunized Sharks and Selection of Target-Specific Clones
2021Cartilaginous fishes (sharks, skates, rays, and chimeras) are the most phylogenetically distant lineage relative to mammals in which somatically rearranging immunoglobulins (Igs or antibodies) have also been found. Alongside their conventional (heavy-light chain) isotypes, IgM and IgW, sharks produce the novel isotype, IgNAR, a heavy-chain homodimer ...
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