Results 61 to 70 of about 18,925 (244)

Large domains of heterochromatin direct the formation of short mitotic chromosome loops

eLife, 2020
During mitosis chromosomes reorganise into highly compact, rod-shaped forms, thought to consist of consecutive chromatin loops around a central protein scaffold.
Maximilian H Fitz-James, Pin Tong, Alison L Pidoux, Hakan Ozadam, Liyan Yang, Sharon A White, Job Dekker, Robin C Allshire   +7 more
doaj   +1 more source

MCM complexes are barriers that restrict cohesin-mediated loop extrusion

, 2022
Eukaryotic genomes are compacted into loops and topologically associating domains (TADs)(1–3), which contribute to transcription, recombination and genomic stability(4,5). Cohesin extrudes DNA into loops that are thought to lengthen until CTCF boundaries
Flyamer, Ilya M, Stocsits, R., Davidson, I., Duderstadt, Karl E., Lalic, Aleksandar, Peters, Jan-Michael, Gassler, Johanna, Gaspar, I., Flyamer, I., Brandao, H., Duderstadt, Karl E, Brandão, Hugo B, Tachibana, K., Dequeker, Bart JH, Dequeker, B., Duderstadt, K., Davidson, Iain F., Scherr, M., Gaspar, Imre, Peters, J., Dequeker, Bart J. H., Tang, W., Davidson, Iain F, Flyamer, Ilya M., Lalic, A., Scherr, Matthias J, Mirny, Leonid A, Brandão, Hugo B., Gassler, J., Mirny, Leonid A., Scherr, Matthias J., Powell, S., Powell, Sean, Stocsits, Roman, Tachibana, Kikuë, Tang, Wen, Mirny, L.   +36 more
core   +1 more source

Heterochromatin diversity modulates genome compartmentalization and loop extrusion barriers [preprint]

, 2021
This article is a preprint. Preprints are preliminary reports of work that have not been certified by peer review.Two dominant processes organizing chromosomes are loop extrusion and the compartmental segregation of active and inactive chromatin.
Dekker, Job, Imakaev, Maxim, Spracklin, George, Pradhan, Sriharsa, Abdennur, Nezar, Chowdhury, Neil, Mirny, Leonid   +6 more
core   +1 more source

pH‐mediated activation of the lysosomal arginine sensor SLC38A9

FEBS Letters, EarlyView.
Cells monitor nutrient levels via the lysosomal transporter SLC38A9 to activate the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). This study reveals that SLC38A9 function is regulated by pH. We identified histidine 544 as a critical pH sensor that undergoes conformational changes to control amino acid efflux from lysosomes; therefore, it ...
Xuelang Mu, Ampon Sae Her, Tamir Gonen
wiley   +1 more source

Tumour–host interactions in Drosophila: mechanisms in the tumour micro‐ and macroenvironment

Molecular Oncology, EarlyView.
This review examines how tumour–host crosstalk takes place at multiple levels of biological organisation, from local cell competition and immune crosstalk to organism‐wide metabolic and physiological collapse. Here, we integrate findings from Drosophila melanogaster studies that reveal conserved mechanisms through which tumours hijack host systems to ...
José Teles‐Reis, Tor Erik Rusten
wiley   +1 more source

Condensin DC loads and spreads from recruitment sites to create loop-anchored TADs in C. elegans

eLife, 2022
Condensins are molecular motors that compact DNA via linear translocation. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the X-chromosome harbors a specialized condensin that participates in dosage compensation (DC).
Jun Kim, David S Jimenez, Bhavana Ragipani, Bo Zhang, Lena A Street, Maxwell Kramer, Sarah E Albritton, Lara H Winterkorn, Ana K Morao, Sevinc Ercan   +9 more
doaj   +1 more source

Barrier effects on the kinetics of cohesin-mediated loop extrusion. [PDF]

Biophys J
Chromosome organization mediated by structural maintenance of chromosome complexes is crucial in many organisms. Cohesin extrudes chromatin into loops that are thought to lengthen until it is obstructed by CTCF proteins. In complex cellular environments, the loop extrusion machinery may encounter other chromatin-binding proteins.
Chen L, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Hong L, Wang H, Zhang J.   +5 more
europepmc   +3 more sources

Long‐term hippocampal alterations and cognitive impairment in a murine model of surgical sepsis

FEBS Open Bio, EarlyView.
Using a mouse model of surgical sepsis, we tested long‐term memory and analyzed the transcriptome of single cells isolated from the hippocampus. Survivor mice showed worse memory, loss of certain brain cell subpopulations, and abnormal immune cell activity—suggesting that post‐sepsis brain alterations may be linked to cognitive deficits.
Dong Seong Cho, Rebecca Schmitt, Aneesha Dasgupta, Alexandra Ducharme, Jason Doles   +4 more
wiley   +1 more source

The role of loop extrusion in enhancer-mediated gene activation

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, 2023
Gene expression patterns in complex multicellular organisms are regulated by enhancers, which communicate with their target gene promoters in three-dimensional (3D) chromatin structures. Despite advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that organize mammalian genomes into compartments and topologically associating domains (TADs), it is not well ...
Karpinska, Magdalena A, Oudelaar, Aukje Marieke   +1 more
openaire   +3 more sources

Unique territorial and compartmental organization of chromosomes in the holocentric silkworm

The EMBO Journal
Hallmarks of multicellular eukaryotic genome organization are chromosome territories, compartments, and loop-extrusion-mediated structures, including TADs. However, these have mainly been observed in model organisms, and most eukaryotes remain unexplored.
José Gil, Emily Navarrete, Clio Hockens, Neil Chowdhury, Sameer Abraham, Gaétan Cornilleau, Elissa P Lei, Julien Mozziconacci, Edward J Banigan, Leah F Rosin, Leonid A Mirny, Héloïse Muller, Ines Anna Drinnenberg   +12 more
doaj   +1 more source